COGNITIVE

INFORMATION
PROCESSING
THEORY
(ATKINSON AND
SHIFFRIN)
PREPARED BY:
RICKA ANGELA SALAZAR
PRAYEE FAITH ALOLOR
WHAT IS INFORMATION
PROCESSING THEORY
 Information processing theory is an approach to
cognitive development studies that aims to
explain how information is encoded into
memory.
 Cognitive psychology is the branch of
psychology that explores the operation of mental
processes related to perceiving, attending,
thinking, language, and memory.
 Primary focus of cognitive psychology is on
memory.
 Information Processing theorist proposed that like
the computer the human mind is a system that
processes information through the application of
logical rules and strategies.
THEORIES OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
 There are three important cognitive theories. The
three cognitive theories are:

1. Piaget’s development theory (1963)

2. Lev Vygotsky’s socio-cultural cognitive theory (1934)
3. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s information processing
theory(1968)
ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN’S
INFORMATION PROCESS THEORY
The Atkinson-Shiffrin model is a model of memory
proposed in 1968 by Richard Atkinson and Richard
Shiffrin. The model asserts that human memory has three
separate components:

1. a sensory register
2. a short-term store
3. a long-term store
SENSORY REGISTER
 Sensory memories are stored for a few seconds
at most. They come from the five senses:
hearing, vision, touch, smell, and taste.
Types of Sensory memory:
1. Iconic memory
2. Echoic memory
3. Haptic memory
4. Olfactory memory
5. Gustatory memory
ICONIC MEMORY
 Iconicmemory is the storage for visual
memory that allows people to visualize an
image after the physical stimulus is no
longer present. It is a type of sensory
memory that last just milliseconds before
fading. Iconic memory involves the
persistence of visual information.
ECHOIC MEMORY
 This is associated with sound and hearing.
Echoic memory, or auditory sensory
memory, is a type of memory that stores
audio information. The purpose of echoic
memory is to store audio information as
the brain processes the sound. It also holds
bits of audio information, which gives
meaning to the overall sound.
HAPTIC MEMORY
This type of memory is related to
your sense of touch. It can includes
sensations like pressure, pain, itching
or something that feels good. Haptic
memory allows you to identify things
you’re touching.
OLFACTORY MEMORY
 Thisis associated with smell. Once you
take in a smell, it travels quickly to the
part of the brain that help form long-term
memory. Olfactory memory helps you
identify tastes because molecules from the
food you chew go into your nose. Without
smell, you would only be able to taste
basic flavors like sweetness.
GUSTATORY MEMORY
 It is associated with taste, gustatory memory has a close
relationship with olfactory memory. It helps you identify
foods through the five basic flavors your tongue
identifies through the gustatory receptor cells:
* SALTY
* SWEET
* BITTER
* UMAMI
* SOUR
SHORT – TERM STORE
 While much of the information in sensory memory
decays and is forgotten, some is attended. The
information that is attended is transferred to the short-
term store. Short-term memory is the component of the
memory system that holds information the individual is
consciously thinking about at the moment. Its capacity
appears to be limited to about seven items, and unless
the information is rehearsed, it will be lost from short-
term memory in about fifteen seconds.
LONG-TERM STORE
 Long-term memory refers to the storage of
information over an extended period. This
type of memory tends to be stable and can
last a long time often for years. If you can
remember something that happened more
than just a few moments ago, whether it
occurred just hours ago or decades earlier,
then it is a long-term memory.
TWO TYPES OF LONG-
TERM MEMORY
 Explicit memories, also known as declarative
memories, include all of the memories that are
available in consciousness.
 Implicit memories, are those that are mostly
unconscious. This type of memory includes
procedural memory, which involves memories of
body movement and how to use objects in the
environment.
COGNITIVE
INFORMATION
PROCESSING
THEORY( ATKINSO
N AND SHIFFRIN)

Thank you!
REFERENCES:
 Mcleod, S. (n.d.). Multi Store Memory Model | Simply Psychology. Retrieved

September 22, 2022, from

https://www.simplypsychology.org/multi-store.html#:%7E:text=The%20multi%2

Dstore%20model%20of,%2Dterm%20memory%20(LTM

).

 What Is Short-Term Memory? (2022, February 18). Verywell Mind. Retrieved

September 22, 2022, from https://

www.verywellmind.com/what-is-short-term-memory-2795348

 Just a moment. . . (n.d.). Retrieved September 22, 2022, from

https://www.memorylosstest.com/short-term-memory-definition-long-term-

memory/