Why JPEG2000

• To address a number of weakness in the existing

JPEG standard.
• To provide a number of new features that available
in the JPEG standard.
• Namely,
– Allow efficient lossy and lossless compression within a
single unified coding framework.
– Provide superior image quality at low bit rates.
– Support new features such as ROI and a more flexible file
format.
– Avoid excessive computational and memory complexity.
– Larger image. JPEG does not allow for image greater than
64k by 64k without tiling
– Transmission in noisy environment. JPEG image quality
suffers dramatically when bit-errors are encountered.
– Computer generated imagery. JPEG is optimized for
natural imagery only.
– Compound documents. JPEG is seldom used in the
compression of compound documents because of its poor
performance on bi-level (text) imagery
 JPEG-2000 Features
• Lossless and lossy compression
– Lossless compression uses progressive decoding (i.e., difference
image encoding) for medical imaging
• Progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and
resolution
– Reconstruction of images is possible with different resolutions
and pixel accuracy for different target devices
• Random code-stream access and processing
– Needed in case images have parts that are more important than
others
– User defines “regions-of-interest” in the image to be randomly
accessed and/or decompressed with less distortion than the
rest of images
– random code-stream processing allows operations: rotation,
translation, filtering, feature extraction, scaling
 JPEG 2000 - Part I
Rate Control

Image Multi Discrete

component Tier-1 Tier-2
Wavelet Quantization
transform Encoder Encoder
Transform Coded
Image

encoder

Reconstructed
Image Inverse Multi Inverse
component Tier-1 Tier-2
Wavelet De-quantization
transform Decoder Decoder
Transform Coded
Image

Tier-1 coding
Bit Plane Coding (BPC)
decoder
Tier-2 coding 7
Tag Tree Coding
JPEG 2000 SCALABILITY
 JPEG 2000 CODE STREAM
• The compressed packets in JPEG2000 are organized to
form a codestream.
• JPEG2000 codestream includes information on image size
and tile size as well as coding parameters such as
quantization step sizes and codeblock size.
• The JPEG2000 codestream syntax provides a compact and
efficient organization.
• The codestream consists of a main header followed by a
sequence of tile-streams.
• The codestream is terminated by a 2-byte marker called
EOC (end of codestream).
• The main header provides global information that is
necessary for decompression of the codestream.
• This information includes image and tile sizes, as well as
default values for the quantization and coding parameters.
• In JPEG2000, each header is composed of a sequence of
markers and marker segments.
• A marker is a 2-byte value. A marker segment is composed
of a marker followed by a list of parameters.
• The first byte of every marker is the hexadecimal value
0xFF.
The use of tile-parts in a JPEG2000 codestream
 Wavelet Transform
• DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) extracts information from
the source image at different scales, locations and
orientations
• JPEG-2000 uses two techniques in wavelet-based coder
– 2D wavelets
– multi-scale transforms
• Wavelet is defined as a set of basic functions, derived from
the same prototype function
• Prototype function is known as “mother wavelet”
– Examples: “Mexican Hat” wavelet, Haar wavelet
• Applications of JPEG-2000
– Large images
– Images with low-contrast edges (e.g., medical
images)
– In printers, scanners, facsimile
– HD satellite images