Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phpapp02
Phpapp02
LITERATURE REVIEW
AND CASE STUDY
STADIUM AND OF
CRICKET
ACADEMY.”
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF STADIUM
▶ There are three primary sets of requirements which stadium or arena designer
should clearly define and then keep in proper focus during the design/planning
process.
1. General planning requirement
2. Players, Officials, and Spectators requirement
3. Operation/management requirement
Location:
▶ Must fit well with local topography.
▶ Should be designed with the good transport link and supply facilities like
bus, train, tram stations, large parking etc.in other hand it should be
easily accessible by motorways.
▶ It shouldn’t be in core city area.
▶ It shouldn’t be sited close to the industrial area where smoke, odors, and
noise might create unpleasant conditions.
▶ The area should have sufficient provision for the future expansion
Building codes :
▶ Codes requirement relating to stadium planning will be primarily
concerned with exiting and seating circulation
▶ It will be found that where they exist, regulations will vary widely from
one locality to another.
Orientation:
▶ Playing field is oriented north-south to protect from the direct glare to
the players.
▶ The access gate is mostly situated to the east.
▶ The angle of the playing field should be done in relation to the sum and
the prevailing weather condition.
▶ The match participants, spectators and media representatives must be
protected as much as possible form the glare of the sun.
▶ Now a day’s main axis is usually north-east to south west.
Angled Parking:
▶ Suitable for one way traffic which has separate entrance/exit.
▶ It reduces the width of the parking lots as the vehicles are placed in
angle.
▶ The parking bays are inclined in 300, 450, 600, 900.
Oblique Parking
▶ Suitable for two way traffic and separate entrance/exit
Design of circulation routes and areas
▶ The pitch:
The pitch measures 10 × 66 feet (3.05 × 20.12 m).Lines drawn or painted
on the pitch are known as creases.
Security personnel
Adapted seating
Moats :
▶ Drain Cell:
Drain Core:
▶ ROOFING STRUCUTRE:
▶ TYPES OF ROOF:
Pitched truss
King post truss
Queen post truss
Post and beam structures
Goal post structures
Cantilever structures
Concrete shell structures
Compression/ tension ring
Tension structures- catenary cable and cable net structures.
LONG SPAN STRUCTURE:
• Structure with span larger than 20m can be regarded as long span
structure for this span is usually unable to be achieved by ordinary RC
structure.
• Long-span buildings create unobstructed, column-free spaces greater
than
30 meters (100 feet) for a variety of functions.
▶ Common Structural Forms for Long Span Building Structures:
▶ Insitu RC, tensioned
▶ Precast concrete, tensioned
▶ Structural steel – erected on spot
▶ Structural steel – prefabricated
▶ Portal frame – insitu RC
▶ Portal frame – precast
▶ Portal frame – prefabricated steel
▶ MAJOR TYPES OF LONG SPAN STRUCTURE:
▶ Space truss:
▶ Cable Structure:
Pneumatic Structure:
▶ Pneumatic structure is a membrane which carries load developed from the
tensile stresses.
▶ Pneumatic structures have a wide range of possible materials.
Shell Structure:
▶ There are three main types of shell roof:
The single barrel shell
Multi barrel shell
The continuous barrel
▶ Umbrella structure:
Water supply:
▶ DOMESTIC USE AND FIRE PROTECTION can be separate and combined.
▶ Umpires’ Area:
▶ It’s minimum size should be 24m2.
▶ It should have clothes hanging facilities or lockers for 4 people.
▶ Coaches’
Offices
Number of spectator
▶ Staircase width (m) =
Emptying time(s) X 1.25
▶ STANDING AREAS:
▶ The necessary space for standing space is calculated as follows:
▶ Width of standing space 0.5m
▶ Depth of standing space 0.4m
▶ Emergency Exit
▶ In order to achieve this, management should ensure that:
▶ There are sufficient numbers of exits in suitable locations.
▶ All parts of exit routes are of adequate width and height.
▶ People do not have to travel excessive distances in order to exit from the
spectator.
▶ Fire Safety :
▶ Adopt measures designed to minimize the fire risk
▶ Ensure that measures are taken to restrict the rate of early fire growth
and fire spread
▶ Provide and protect sufficient emergency evacuation
▶ Provide appropriate fire detection and warning systems
▶ Signage:
▶ a. Safety signs
▶ b. Information signs
▶ c. Commercial signs and hoardings
▶ Other Facilities :
▶ Ticketing Facility
▶ Gallery
▶ Museum
▶ Gardens
▶Design Considerations for Cricket Academy:
▶ Warm-up Areas/practice areas:
▶ -Lockers are best located behind the courts where they restrict space less
than in changing rooms, are convenient for use by all patrons and are less
susceptible to vandalism
▶ -Allowance needs to be made for the storage of personal cricket
equipment.
▶ ACADEMIC AND OTHER FACILITIES:
▶ Lecture hall
▶ Room size: 26' X 30’ for 35.
▶ Separate tablet armchairs for 35 students
▶ The seven seats spacing of 3' 6” laterally and 4' 6" between the end seat
and side walls
▶ This arrangement requires about 22 square feet of space per student
Hostel/dormitory
▶ It is the residence where students stay for studying, training and some
other proposes.
▶ It is facilitated with facilities like, study room, bedroom, dining/lounge
area, recreational area, laundry, entertainment area, and many other
facilities
▶ Size of Bed/Bedrooms:
▶ Single Rooms
▶ Minimum recommended area - 90 sqft
▶ Optimum recommended area - 110 sqft
▶ Generous recommended area - 120 sq. Ft
▶
▶ Double rooms with bunked beds
▶ Minimum recommended area - 140 sqft
▶ Optimum recommended area - 160 sqft
▶ Generous recommended area - 180 sqft
▶ Double rooms without bunked beds
▶ Minimum recommended area - 180 sqft
▶ Optimum recommended area - 220 sqft
▶ Generous recommended area - 240 sqft
▶ Kitchen/dining
▶ Sauna
▶ The sauna is more than a method of bathing in hot and cold water. It is a
type of physical cleansing, almost a ritual, and it is now an essential part
of all modern sports facilities.
▶ Construction
▶ The bathing room should be as small as possible: - A = <16m²
▶ H = <2.5m
▶ Wall & ceiling should be lined with dark colored timber to reduce heat
radiation. Walls are solid softwood timber, with an exception of the oven.
▶ Swimming pool
VVIP/VIP stand:
▶ The grand stand has the capacity of 3600
the color of the seat separate the
category of people using it.
▶ The red colored seat is for VIP’s and Blue
one is for press. Separate beautiful
enclosure is there for the VVIP seat.
Player’s Facilities
Change Room:
▶ This is located
adjacent to the
player’s entry.
▶ Each Unit
measures 11.5m x
4.35m. Each unit
consists of
Changing
Room: 7.18m
X 4.35m
Bathroom:
4.32m X 4.35m
2 basins, 2
WCs, 3
showers and 3
urinals
Circulation:
▶ No. of Exits: 10
▶ No. of Stair
ways: 7
Outside Circulation:
▶ The Stadium is surrounded by two peripheral roads- one
the main street along west side and another along
Southern side of the stadium.
▶ There is no clear segregation of public and non-public
traffic approaching the stadium.
▶ The stadium enters from the north, south and southeast
gate while players enter from east gate.
▶ There is no separate entry for the players. They enter
from the same gate as spectators do.
CASE STUDY
2(NATIONAL)
Main Cricket Ground:
▶
▶
TU International Cricket
Total area of the ground is 16277.76m2 i.e. of 75
yards radius but boundary at 65 yards.
Facilitated with:
Ground
Media Centre
Dressing Room
Match officials Room
▶ Total Area of Score boards = 4. 10 m X 2.95 m PITCH
( Manual Scoreboard)
▶ Main Score board = 3m length X 2.6m height OUT FIELD
(Digital Scoreboard) 20 cm
CRICKET GROUND
ROAD
AUDIENCE
GYM OUTDOOR
ENTRANCE
INDOOR
Indoor Practice Academy (Under
construction):
▶ 2 practice wickets
▶ 12 post, bowstring truss
▶ Bamboo bases for the nets to be prepared
▶ 2 bowling machines
▶ Total 20m length for the pitch other length for
delivery run-up.
▶ Nets material = mesh wire plastic nets
▶ Roof Form: Curved
▶ Light :
▶ Bilateral from S-N
▶ No artificial lighting
▶ Services: Guttering, Water supply, Drainage
▶ Building lined by 85cm of brick masonry rest,
plastic nets to be installed later.
▶ Floor height at its highest point ( 7m )
▶ Batting difficulty at southern most pitch after
4pm as setting sun meets the eye (glare
Outdoor Practice wickets:
▶ 1 bay of 3.67m
▶ For concrete pitch, length = 10.67m
▶ Total no of playable pitches
▶ 2 concrete wickets
▶ 2 dry wickets
▶ 4 grass wickets
▶ Practice net height was placed at about 3.5m
▶ length of the run-up for bowlers:
▶ 30 m for fast bowlers
▶ 5 m for spin bowlers
▶ 15 – 20 m for medium bowlers
▶ Area for the outdoor wickets = 8 X 3.67 X 30 = 880.8 m2
Indoor facilities:
▶ Ramps provided at the entrance foyer space
▶ Foyers leading through the ramp provide with circulation
to the gymnasium and the office
▶ 2 gymnasiums provided and an equipment room with
locker
▶ Gym size = 6.39 m X 5.9 m
▶ Facility provided restrooms with 2 showers, 2 urinals, 2
w/c and 3 basins
EQUIPMENT / STORAGE
GYM GYM
OFFICE CIRCULATION
RAMP
CASE STUDY 3 (National):
National Sport Council, Covered Hall
INTRODUCTION:
▶ The building coverage is about 5 ropanies.
▶ The main entrance of the building is also use for the purpose of VIP’s entry for the
covered hall.
▶ The administration building contains double height lobby, electrical room, and
rooms for the offices and rest rooms for staffs.
▶ Designed by the architect Gangadhar Bhatta
Access to the covered hall:
▶ The access for the players and spectators has been clearly separated.
▶ Players enter directly from the ground floor, whereas the main access to the parapet
for VVIP/VIP and other spectator is from the first floor.
Player’s room :
Parapet :
▶ The total capacity of the hall is 1000 and the number of steps in parapet is eleven
on left and eleven on right with length of 101’9”.
▶ for the VVIP/VIP four steps with the provision of chair and its length are 59’.
▶ The capacity of VVIP/VIP parapet is 100. And the width provided is 2ft.
Construction:
▶ Main columns of the structure are 18”x 18”
▶ Exterior columns are of 9”x 25”
▶ Beam size is mainly of 18”x24”
▶ Two heavy trusses of 7’x3’ support the roof covering.
Clearance :
▶ Required is 41ft and actually is 48 ft.
Evacuation :
▶ Door width for the entrance for spectators= 4’6”
▶ Door width for the entrance for VVIP/VIP= 8’
Rest rooms:
▶ Each gent’s toilet has:
WC= 4 nos.
Urinals= 10 nos.
▶ Each ladies toilet
has: WC= 10 nos.
Case study 4(National):
All Nepal Football Association (ANFA)
Sports Complex
INTRODUCTION:
enough lighting.
FACILITY
▶ Use of metal mesh wires for entry.
OFFICE / CAFE
▶ Rain water collected and drained through the
drainage.
Materials used:
▶ Coarse rubber mat used for pitch
▶ Use of tiles in the dressing area PARKING
RESIDENCE
▶ Main building
Swimming pool , Multipurpose hall, Sauna ,Japanese bath,
Steam shower, Beauty parlor, Gym hall, Restaurant
▶ Outdoor playing areas
Tennis court , Badminton court
▶ Swimming Pool
facilities like sauna, steam bathing and Japanese
bathing are also accessed through the swimming pool
separate swimming pool for kids
adults have the depth from 3’6” to 5’6” And for the
children depth of the pool is 2’6”
▶ The rest room of gents consists of:
3- urinals
2-w/c
3 showers
▶ Multipurpose hall
multipurpose hall is itself a mezzanine
floor to the restaurant’s floor
▶ Sauna
accessed through the restroom of
swimming pool
consist of a cooling area outside the
sauna
provided is of 7.6m× 4.56m and setting
is done in the morning at Max of 110
degree
▶ Japanese Bath
small room of 10’×6’ in which 6’×6’ is
the bath pool and depth of 1’6”.
▶ Steam Shower
Steam Shower Room is just similar to the Sauna with
stepped sitting area
Case Study 7 Grassroots
Recreational Center
▶ Services
Two futsal pitches, Gym, Cafeteria, Swimming
pool, Restrooms, Guard house
▶ Futsal Area:
▶ Two pitches of area : 26m X 32m
▶ Roof covered with CGI sheets
▶ Use of steel structures ( I- section)
▶ Metal mesh wire
▶ Raised chords truss
▶ Flooring : Astro turf + rubber granules for grips
▶ Additional foam cover used inside for safety
▶ Pitches separated by advertising boarding at the
middle
▶ Parking:
8 vehicles (Cars/Jeeps) and 50 bikes
Area: 26m x 12m
▶ Rest Rooms:
Male:
▶ 4 shower, 2 urinals, 1w/c, 2 basins
Female:
▶ 4 shower, 1 w/c, 2 basins
▶ Office:
A single working table and seating for two.
▶ Gymnasium:
Separated into 2 sections (Muscles and
Cardio )
Case Study 8 Hardic Fitness
Centre
▶ Located at Sanepa SWIMMING
BED
BED
BED
CASE STUDY –(Melbourne Cricket Ground, Australia )
INTRODUCTION :
▶ The Melbourne Cricket Ground is one of Australia’s
greatest assets.
▶ It is the busy venue accommodating international
cricket, Australian Rules football, concerts, dinners and
other major functions on its natural turf arena.
▶ More than three million people visit the ground
annually.
▶ Melbourne Cricket Club manages the stadium and has
progressively expanded the MCG’s role as both an
entertainment centre and a world-class tourist
destination.
Ground Capacity:
▶ The total capacity of the MCG is 100,018.
▶ This includes 95,000 seats and approximately
5000 standing room spaces.
Spectator Facilities:
▶ This marvelous structure, accommodating 44,500 people and
covering 45 per cent of the stadium’s perimeter, brought
state-of-the-art comfort, convenience and hospitality
facilities to all levels of Melbourne’s sporting society.
▶ Facilities and finishes are superior throughout. The
male/female toilet ratio has been significantly improved
and, for comfort and ease of access, individual plastic
bucket seats are fixed on broader plats.
▶ Sightlines from all seats are uninterrupted and, because the
new structure is much closer to the arena than the stands it
replaced, spectators are also closer to the action.
▶ Seats are approximately 30% bigger than the previous
northern stand and about 80% of seats are under roof cover.
▶ Large, deep rooms enable tenant sports and clubs to
accommodate up to 500 guests.
▶ . Extensive landscaping and a new access road
enhance the
sense of arrival for visitors.
▶ Capping the new stand is a hybrid roof, part metal and part
glass. This considerably increases the brightness of the
seating areas.
MELBOURNE CRICKET CLUB:
▶ It is a private club, incorporated under the Melbourne Cricket Club
Act 1974, boasting by far the biggest membership of any sporting
club in Australia.
▶ The MCC also has the public responsibility of managing one of the
largest and the most successful stadiums in Australia and the world
– the MCG.
▶ The MCC has 100,280 members (comprising 60,286 Full members
and 39,994 Restricted members) as at August 2009. At this
time, there were 194,097 people on the waiting list. Between
10,000 and 15,000 people are nominated for membership each
year.
LIGHTING:
NATURAL LIGHTING:
▶ For the cardiology sufficient amount of Natural lighting are
provided through the large window through the both side of
the room with the exterior view.
▶ UPVC windows are provided.
Artificial lighting:
▶ -For the artificial lighting provision of the tube light is done
with the covering for the diffused lighting to the interior.
▶ -Use of less amount of artificial lighting in the building.
▶ -sufficient amount of light is provided which means (200-
300)lux.
FLOORING:
▶ - Hardwood elastic flooring is done inside the building
▶ - Flooring is smooth, slip resistant and splinter free.
▶ - Ease of cleaning and maintenance.
FUNCTIONAL FLOW :
▶ Ramp leads to the lobby space of the building which is
maintained with the perfect slop for the differently able
regarding the normal people.
▶ -Wit hthe entry we can see thereception and the waiting
space which is provided with the natural lighting .
▶ -There are the 2 corridors which leads to the cardiology and
another one to the clinic and the rest rooms.
▶ -Separate rooms for the office are provided.
▶ -Cardiology area is planned at the end of the building for the
privacy measures which has separate access to the foyer
space for the refreshment and lighting.
▶ -All office has the separate entarnce to the cardiology
through the separate door.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Stadium: Only the major parts were selected for analysis.
Public Flow and Circulations:
Literature: Great care should be taken in the design/planning process to avoid building
institutions which will inhabit the smooth flow of spectators trough the public circulation
spaces and to and from the seating areas. This should be true for normal traffic saturation or
avoiding panic in emergencies. The signage at entrances, security checks, horizontal and
vertical circulation like vormitories etc should be included.
National Case Study: Taking lessons from the accidents that have occurred in the past the
provision for vormitories have been provided at Rangashala. At the TU cricket ground there
are no provisions, Signage, circulation patterns to be followed by the public.
International Case Study: There are proper provision for all the security measures and the
signages security checks ant other parts are in place.
Analysis: The management of flow is a major aspect of the stadium complex. The signages,
circulation paths and emergency management plans must be in place. For this purposes the
inclusion of vormitories, spill out areas, evacuation time and route must be evaluated.
The playing field and the pitch:
Literature: A cricket field consists of a large circular or oval-shaped grassy ground on which the
game of cricket is played. There are no fixed dimensions for the field but its diameter usually
varies between 450 feet (137 m) and 500 feet (150 m).. The cricket ground can vary from being
almost a perfect circle, to being an extremely elongated oval. On most grounds,
a rope demarcates the perimeter of the field and is known as the boundary. A cricket pitch is 22
yards long.
National Case Study: The TU ground has the boundaries at 65 yards that meet the standards set
by the ICC. The dimensions of the pitches and playing conditions are according to the set
standards.
International case Study: The MCG arena has a total of approximately 20,000 square metres in
area and measures 171 x 146 metres in length, from fence to fence. The boundary line measures
five metres from the fence.
Analysis: The playing field is the most important part of the stadium. It must be qualitative and
the meet the standards set by the ICC. To maintain the quality of the playing field ant the
pitches the type of grass to be used in the outfield must be soft type and a sandy layer beneath
that adds to better playing conditions and safety of the players.
Dressing Rooms and Pavilions:
Literature: There should be two principal dressing rooms in a stadium of equal size, style and
comfort. For multi-purpose stadium it is essential to have four changing rooms of equal size and
comfort. It should be in the main stand. They should provide direct, protected access to the
playing area and be inaccessible to the public and the media. At least two there should be
separate team areas, but preferably four. Minimum size is 150m2.
National Case Study: The dressing rooms in the TU cricket ground are very poor. They don’t
meet the minimum requirements of a dressing rooms and considered a temporary facility by
the players and the staff. They don’t have proper dressing rooms for umpires and coaching staffs
alike.
International Case Study: The dressing facilities include lockers, storages, showers and all the
required facilities for the players, staffs and coaches alike.
Analysis: The dressing rooms should have an indoor and outdoor area. The outdoor area should
be such that the players can acclimatize to the conditions before going out to play.
The indoor areas should include massage tables, showers etc. so that the players relax and cool
down after the game.
Emergency Exits:
Literature: It is generally recognized that a period of great risk to crowd safety is at the time of
leaving the sports ground. It is important, therefore, to provide exit systems capable of
accommodating safely the passage of people within an acceptable period of time, and to avoid
congestion and psychological stress. Exit systems may comprise gangways, stairways,
passageways, ramps and other means of passage. Management should ensure that exit routes
are planned and managed safely, to provide for spectators a smooth, unimpeded passage
through an exit system until they reach the boundary of the ground, or, in an emergency, a place
of safety.
National Case Study: The provisions for emergency exits were poor in Rangashala and not
available in the TU ground. Such ignorance led to a major accidents few decades ago at the
Rangashala.
International Case Study: Proper cautions and emergency evacuations protocols are in
place
along with the signage.
Analysis: The emergency exits are an important part of a stadium complex. The emergency
evacuation time must be evaluated properly and safety alarms, firefighting equipment if located
Academy
Warm Up / Practice Area
Outdoors
Literature: These areas should have a grass surface (artificial turf is acceptable) and be
surrounded by plain walls with no protrusions. Outdoor areas should be sufficiently lit to
enable their use at night.
•Turf practice wickets
20.12mX2.5m per wickets
National:
National Cricket Academy: The facility is provided with 8 practice wickets, 2 of concrete, w
of grass and 2 dry wickets. The length of the run-up for bowlers was provided to be:
30 m for fast bowlers
5 m for spin bowlers
15 – 20 m for medium bowlers
Also the area of wickets = 8 X 3.67 X 30 = 880.8 m2
International: The facility in Melbourne Cricket Ground is provided with the practice wickets
which meet the requirement of the literature reviewed.
Analysis: The net height should be about 15 m and the run up should be kept up to 30m.
Indoors:
* The length of the overall practice net area is to be a minimum of 50m and the height
is generally 5m.
National:
Royal Cricket Academy: The royal cricket academy is provided with 3 practice wicket
which meets the requirement of the pitch but the run up length for bowlers have not
been met.
International:
National Cricket Academy, UK: Area measuring 70m x 25m, there are six lanes and the
hall is long enough to accommodate a fast bowler run-up bowling to a wicket keeper
standing back
Analysis: In terms of national level, the run up areas have to be maintained to provide
proper training in terms of realist approach.
Changing Rooms:
Literature:
Changing capacity should be calculated to cope with normal, maximum occupancy
when all courts and other activities are operating
There must be changing accessible to disabled players.
At least one individual unisex accessible changing room with shower and toilet.
-It should have an access to the external pitches.
Changing rooms should be designed with high ceilings
National:
Royal Cricket: Changing room was provided with a changing room with a shower, a w/c
and a basin for each gender with addition to a urinal for gents. It has access to the playing
area through the back.
National Cricket Academy: Was not provided with a changing room.
International:
National Cricket Academy, UK: changing rooms with a recovery area including hot and
cold spa baths were provided.
Analysis: Changing rooms should be provided with showers and such facility and also it
should be constructed in such a way that
Lockers / Storage:
Literature: -Sufficient storage capacity for sports equipment is essential, and this
should be provided in suitably located stores.
-Sufficient storage capacity for sports equipment is essential, and this should be
provided in suitably located stores.
-Lockers are best located behind the courts where they restrict space less than in
changing rooms, are convenient for use by all patrons and are less susceptible to
vandalism
National: Lockers were not provided in Neither the Royal Cricket nor the National
Cricket Academy.
Analysis: Facility for lockers and storage has to be provided so that players and
coaches can store their possessions during training or matches.
Academic:
International:
Loughborough campus: This educational institution provides players with academic
facilities as well as facilities to help them excel in cricket.
Analysis: In terms of promotion of cricket in the country, the academy should help to
provide players with sufficient education such that they also mature not only in terms of
play but also in terms of decision making and basic level skills that might help in their
personal cum professional life.
Hostel/Dorm:
Literature:
It is the residence where students stay for studying, training and some other
proposes.
National: The hostel at Anfa complex is a fine example of a dorm for players.It has
all the facilities like gym,dining hall etc required in a sports academy.
International: The dorm facilities include all the necessary facilities for the players.
Analysis: Dorms should be created in such a way that the players feel at home in
the facility. The facilities like gym etc if present in the dorm is preferred as players
can enjoy the indoor facilities in the same roof.
Physiotherapy:
Literature: Location is closely related to function. The area selected for physical therapy should
be centrally located to minimize problems of transporting patients and to facilitate giving
bedside treatment when necessary.
The amount of space needed depends on the number of patients treated, the kinds of
disabilities and the treatments required. Also to be considered is the fact that some space
consuming equipment.
Whatever the eventual size of a physical therapy department, from the very beginning plans
must be made to provide certain kinds of workspace.
For the physiotherapy room at least 68-75m2 productive area/treatment place.
National: NCA was the only institute provided with a gymnasium. The gym was crammed
when used to full potential.
International:
Loughborough campus: MCCU players make extensive use of the two main fitness centers on
campus. ‘Powerbase’ is a strength and conditioning centre dedicated to use by performance
squads like the MCCU. There, you will rub shoulders with international athletes and sports
professionals, as well as the elite Loughborough Students squads. ‘LUFS’ is a more standard
aerobic fitness gym, fitted with the latest equipment for both recreative and more serious
training. MCCU members are provided with heavily subsidized membership of both of these
facilities
Analysis: Gym has to be provided for about 40. This helps to achieve fitness and also help to
increase power by developing lean muscles as per requirement. It should include circulation
spaces and lockers as well.
SITE
ANALYSIS:
Site Introduction:
▶ Location: Mulpani – 8 Kha , Kathmandu, Nepal
▶ Site Area: 95465.51 sq m (187-10-1-2)
Access:
▶ The access is through the main road from Chabahil leading to
Sakhu.
▶ Other access roads include the bagmati corridor road leading from
Jaya Bageswori Chowk to the site.
▶ A network of public transportation including the buses and
micro buses provide an access to the site.
Demographics and Context:
▶ On the east of this land lies the old runway of Tribhuvan
International Airport, on the west Siphal Dhoka, in the north
Gurumarg Kailash and Gaurighat Khariko Bot, and in the south
lies Ward No.9.
▶ The ward is spread over 253.8 hectares, and its population in 2001
was 9,434.
▶ The great majority (87.5%) are Hindus followed by Buddhists
(9.7%).
SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
Infrastructures:
▶ Road: A total of 5.61 km of the road in and around the site
has been black topped with 4.8 graveled roads in the
area.
▶ Sewerage: A total of 9 km of surface drains and sewers.
▶ Solid Waste: A total of 18.54 cu m of solid waste is
generated daily and collected in containers managed by the
ward office.
▶ Educational Institutions: A total of 6 educational
institutions in and around the area.
▶ Health Institutions: 1 Government hospital and 7 health
centers and clinics available.
▶ Industries and Shops: 3 manufacturing industries and a total
of 565 shops are located within the area.
▶ Security: Ward police office 3 police beats are available in
the locality.
▶ Fire Brigade: Available in the Pashupati area during
Shivaratri.
▶ Parking: Located in places like Amarkanteswor,
Bhuwaneswari etc for bikes, taxis, bus etc.
NATURAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES:
Soil:
▶ Clayey soil with layers on sand located a few feet below.
▶ This type of soil is good for construction but as the site was
used as a landfilling site the soil condition is weak.
Slope:
▶ A slope of 15-20% considered satisfactory for
construction purposes.A steep slope in the northern
portion of the site.
Current use:
▶ The site is currently used as the site for the development
of
International Cricket Stadium.
▶ An Army Infantry is located within the site.
▶ Some parts of the site is still used as the site for waste
disposal.
▶ Temporary huts have been constructed as shops within the
site.
Built Environment:
▶ School named Trikon School located in the south with residential
units for the workers of the garment factories nearby.
▶ The Gokarna Golf Club resort also lies in the close vicinity.
▶ The Green Hill City housing development with plans for 8oo units
are being constructed toward the west.
SOCIO CULTURAL ASPECT:
▶ The inhabitants belong to different ethnic groups, but Newars
form the majority. Brahmins come second in terms of population.
▶ The great majority (87.5%) are Hindus followed by Buddhists
(9.7%). Muslims and Christians make up the rest.
▶ The major festivals observed in the ward are Shivaratri, Teej
Parva, Bajreswari Peeth Jatra, Batsaleswari Jatra, Trishul Jatra,
Gai Jatra and Ropain Jatra.
▶ Most of the people in the area are dependent upon agriculture
and service for the income sources.
▶ 34 temples, 5 chaityas and other building of cultural importance
lie in the area.
▶ Lack of infrastructures, lack of preservation of heritages are some
major problems in the site area.
Climatology:
▶ The temperature varies from 0 C min to a max of 35 C.
▶ The prevailing NW winds and E-S-W sun path direction.
▶ Annual Rainfall with high percentage during July and August.A high of
8cm of rain in July.
S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS:
Strength:
▶ The site has already been selected by the concerned authorities for the
construction of the Cricket Stadium
▶ The parts of the ground have been leveled and a few infrastructures have
been built.
▶ The site is located at the outskirts of the valley.
▶ The proximity of The Hyatt Hotel and The Gokarna Golf Club Resort.
▶ The Access to the site the main and access roads.
▶ The public transport facilities leading the public to the site.
▶ The favorable climatic conditions of the Kathmandu Valley.
▶ The development of the Green Hill City development.
Weakness:
▶ The Northern part of the site consists of a steep slope of 70 ft approx.
▶ The soil condition of the site may not be suitable for heavy construction.
▶ The lack of development of basic infrastructures.
▶ The 13 KV transmission line through the site.
▶ The squat settlements in the northern part of the site.
▶ The Access road passing through the site.
▶ The infantry located within the site.
▶ The temporary huts within the site being used for economical purposes.
▶ The waste being disposed in the site.
▶ The proximity of the school nearby.
Opportunities:
▶ The prospect of designing an international cricket stadium and academy with the
site being backed by the government already.
▶ Reduction is cost for the leveling of the ground.
▶ The proximity of star hotels can provide accommodation to national and
international players during training and international events
.
▶ The green hill city housing units can be used for the accomodations
of players, coaches, staffs etc.
▶ The climatic condition of the valley can lure National and
International players and coaches to use the facilities once built.
▶ The local transport facilities can meet the needs of the public for
transportation during the matches and for players.
Threats:
▶ The steep northern slope may create structural problems during
construction.
▶ The soil condition may not be suitable for heavy construction.
▶ The lack of development of basic facilities may create difficulties
during the construction process.
▶ The transmission line possesses threat to the safety of the
players
and spectators.
▶ The squat settlements provide undesired views in the north.
▶ The infantry of the army may oppose the construction of a stadium in
the site.
▶ The temporary huts occupy the valuable land needed for
development.
▶ The proximity of school means hindrance to the school during the
matches.
INFERENCES:
▶ The context and socio cultural aspects of the site must be taken into
account before starting the design process.
▶ The concerned authorities must be consulted with before starting the
construction.
▶ Reinforced concrete shear walls may be required in the north steep
slope.
▶ The weak soil conditions mean that deep foundation like piles may
have to be used.
▶ The transmission line has to be moved with consultation with
authorities.
▶ The Army has to be consulted with to replace the infantry.
▶ The temporary huts have to be removed from the site.
▶ Strict measures have to be taken to stop the disposal of the waste in
the site.
▶ The school has to be relocated so that they don’t incur the noise
problems.
▶ Shuttle services may come into use during the international
matches.
BYE LAWS:
For Urban Expansion Zone:
▶ Maximum Ground Covearge = 40%
▶ FAR = 2
▶ Minimum 1m setback roadside.
▶ Parking for Various types of building = 15 – 20%
▶ The necessary authorities must be consulted with for special
constructions like stadiums etc.
CONCLUSI
ON:
Designing a cricket stadium and academy is really a challenge,
▶
fulfilling the endless technicalities is the first priority in the
design process.
▶ however technical requirements and placements of the spaces
have been designed in such a way that it fulfils the requirements
as well as help to create a well planned out of box design.
▶ Whether its entrance, seating bowl, parking, circulation spaces
or concession areas all the spaces in the academy have been
designed considering human comfort so that experience that they
get visiting the stadium is phenomenon.
RECCOMENDATION FOR POSSIBLE ZONING