Natural hazards
-events that occur as part of the natural cycles of Earth and
may cause potential damage to a community.

- An event that causes widespread losses ( human, economic, and

environmental) and disrupts the normal functioning of a community is
called disaster.
HAZARDS CAUSED BY GEOLOGIC
PROCESSES

•Earthquake
•Volcanic eruptions
•Landslides
COMMON GEOLOGIC
HAZARDS
1. EARTHQUAKES
• ALSO KNOWN AS A QUAKE, TREMOR OR TEMBLOR
IS THE PERCEPTIBLE SHAKING OF THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, WHICH CAN BE VIOLENT ENOUGH TO DESTROY MAJOR BUILDINGS AND KILL THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE.

• THE PLATE TECTONICS THEORY EXPLAINS THAT INTERACTION OF PLATES OCCURS ON THEIR EDGES OR BOUNDARIES.
• The Philippines is geographically located near the boundaries of active tectonic
plates. It is specifically near the edge of the Philippine plate that is constantly pushed
by an active Pacific plate.

• Earthquaketrack.com is a Web site that provides real-time information on earthquakes

whose data are provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS).

• According to this site, the Philippines experiences 200 to 250earthquakes of varying

magnitude each year. Most of theearthquakes have less than 2.0 magnitude which are
not strongenough to cause damage.
MAGNITUDE
-measures the energy released at the source of the
earthquake.
INTENSITY
-measures the strength of shaking produced by the
earthquake at a certain location.
 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
EARTHQUAKES
A. Ground Shaking

It is the vibration of the ground due to plate movement or seismic waves during an
earthquake.

Living things may be disturbed by this movement.

Buildings and other infrastructure can be damaged by the effect of ground shaking.

These structures can also be damaged when the ground beneath them sinks (subsidence)
after shaking.
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES

• B. Surface faulting
• -The tearing of the ground when the movement of afault deep within Earth breaks
through to groundsurface.
• -Buildings, roads, railroads, tunnels, and pipelines aresusceptible to surface faulting
damage.
• - Animal habitats may also be destroyed, or worse, lostdue to the breaking of the
ground.
C. TSUNAMI

Very high, large waves or seismic sea waves caused by the

sudden movement of the ocean floor due to Earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, man-made explosions, andon some
occasions, landslides.
According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) , the top 10 provinces that are at riskto earthquakes are the
following

1.Surigaodel Sur 6. Tarlac

2.La Union 7. Ifugao
3.Benguet 8. Davao Oriental
4.Pangasinan 9. Nueva Vizcaya
5.Pampanga 10. Nueva Ecija
2. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

•The location of the Philippines in the Pacific Ring of Fire is near thesubduction zone of the Pacific
Plate.
•Subduction zone is the sinking region of a convergent plateboundary.
•Because of the activities of these plates, the Philippines is prone tovolcanic eruptions.
•According to PHIVOLCS, there are more than 20 historically activevolcanoes in the country that
have manifested a volcanic activity inthe last 600 years.
LIST OF ACTIVE VOLCANO IN THE PHILIPPINES

•Mayon in Albay
•Taal in Batangas
•Kanlaon in Negros Island
•Bulusan in Sorsogon
•Smith in Calayan
•Hibok-Hibok in Camiguin
•Pinatubo in Zambales
•Musuan in Bukidno
OTHER RELATED HAZARDS IN VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

1.Lahar flow 4. Ballistic projectiles

2. Ash fall. 5. Emission of volcanic gases
3.Pyroclastic flow 6. Lava flow
•These hazards prompt the evacuation of affected communities because of the significant
changes in the physical and biological profile of the environment.
Geohazard maps plotted by PHIVOLCS was used to identify the location of volcanoes and
the possible risks associated with theactivities of these volcanoes.
3. LANDSLIDES
• Occur in sloping terrain.
• Usually, if the soil is not compact and devoid ofvegetation,
gravity can drive soil and rocks to slide.
• Natural factors that can induce a landslide are windand water.
• It can also be triggered by rainfall or earthquake.
2 TYPES OF LANDSLIDE
a. Rainfall-induced landslide
• In sloping areas, the gravitational descent of loosened soilmakes it possiblefor landslide
to occur.
• This is common in places with tropical climates after veryintense and long rains during
the wet season.
•  A steep slope with structures has a high vulnerability tolandslides. It increases the
chances of structures to slide bygravitational descent.
B. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES

• This type of landslide happens during or after an earthquake

when a piece of weakened landslides off primarily due to
gravity.
• The development of frail rock or soil foundation maybe due to
the natural make-up of the soil consisting of a softer layer
beneath solid bedrock; man-madea ctivities that induce erosion.