LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS

I. EYOB KASEYA ……………………….

II. GETAHUN …………………………….
III. GIFTY…………………………………..
IV. KALDIDAN……………………………
V. NAOL……………………………………….
VI. TSION………………………………………
 CONTENTS TO DISCUSS
1.The cardiovascular system and exercise
2.Functions of the cardiovascular system
during exercise
3. Aerobic physical activity and cardiac
4. List of cardiovascular exercises
5. Long term effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system
What is cardiovascular system?
 The Cardiovascular System and
Exercise
• The heart is a muscle that is required to
contract continuously throughout the life
to deliver oxygen to all organs in the body
and breathe out carbon dioxide
• Blood vessels connect the heart and lungs
so that carbon dioxide can be removed
from the blood and oxygen can be added to
the blood.
• The heart then pumps this blood
throughout the body.
• Exercise places an increased demand on the
cardiovascular system to pump more oxygen
to supply the working muscle to produce
energy (aerobic oxidation).

• Oxygen demand by the muscles increases,

more nutrients are needed and more waste
is created.
 3D ANIMATION OF WORKING OF HEART
Human Anatomy - Heart circulatory system
How the Heart Works

The human heart

Functions of The Cardiovascular
System during exercise
The cardiovascular system serves five
important functions during exercise:
• 1- Delivers oxygen to working muscles
2Deoxygenates blood by returning it to the
lungs
3Transports heat from the center to the skin
4- Delivers nutrients and fuel to active
tissues 5- Transports hormones
 AEROBIC PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
• activity in which the body’s
large muscles move in a
rhythmic manner for a
sustained period of time.
• Aerobic activity, also called
endurance activity,
improves cardiorespiratory
fitness. Brisk walking,
running, swimming, and
bicycling are examples
moderate-intensity physical activity:
physical activity
that requires some increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends 3.5
to 7 kcalories per minute. Walking at a speed
of 3 to 4.5 miles per hour (about 15 to 20
minutes to walk one mile) is an example.
• vigorous-intensity physical activity: physical
activity that requires a large increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends
more than 7 kcalories per minute.
• Walking at a very brisk pace (>4.5 miles per
hour) or running at a pace of at least 5
miles per hour are examples.

Dr. Siham Gritly

 List of Cardiovascular Exercises
• Swimming -- Swimming is an
excellent cardiovascular/muscular defining exercise.

• Football American football is america's most popular sport and

involves high intensity exercise for usually around 30 seconds

• Golf Golf is the most popular sport for people over the age of
40 and is growing rapidly.

• Boxing This is definitely one of the most intense

cardiovascular exercises known to man.

• Aerobics Aerobics is the most popular aerobic exercises performed

mostly by women.
• Hockey Hockey is a great sport
that can be played by just about
anyone at any age.
• Skiing Skiing is an incredible
cardiovascular workout that is usually
around 5-10 minutes
• Squash Squash is a great
anaerobic exercise that can be played by
• all ages This exercise was made popular by
Stepper
the popular myth of spot reducing Rowing
Ergometer
•Treadmill This is the most popular
cardiovascular exercise. Due to the impact on the
knees and
other joints,

• Running or Jogging Jogging is probably one of the most

popular exercises in the world

• Biking or Cycling Biking or cycling is a tremendous

cardiovascular workout and requires very little equipment which
most people have

• Walking While intense walking is a good aerobic exercise

it is probably more used as a weight loss tool than it should
be.
• Recumbent Bike This exercise is very
popular for people who do not want to jog
and run.

• Elliptical or Cross Trainer

This is the newest in
cardiovascular equipment,
• Housework or Cleaning
While most people wouldn't call
this a cardiovascular exercise, it
certainly is one.

• Dancing Dancing is an
excellent cardio workout that
can be done by anyone at any
level....
Long Term Effects of Exercise on the
Cardiovascular System
What is the  Task
CV
system?  In pairs list what aspects of the
The heart cardiovascular system may
and blood
vessels of
change as a result of regular long
the term exercise?
circulator
y system  In fours, compare results and see if
you can add to your original list.
TASK
1. Cardiac hypertrophy
 2. Increased SV
3. Increased CO
4. Decreased resting HR
5. Capillarisation
6. Increase in blood volume
7. Reduction in resting BP
8. Decreased recovery time
9. Increased aerobic fitness
Heart
 Cardiac
Hypertrophy

The heart increases in its size

and blood volume.
The wall of the left ventricle
thickens ..why?
to increase the strength
potential of its contractionsIn
sedentary, middle aged
individuals it may be as high
as 100 beats/min. Normal heart Elite endurance
rate (HR) 60- athlete’s HR
80 beats / min 28 – 40 bpm
 CV system cont...
 Increase in Stroke
Volume
SV = The amount of blood that
can be pumped by the heart
per beat.
This means the heart can now
pump more blood per minute.
Why is this beneficial?
Increased blood flow allows for
faster and more efficient
delivery oxygen and nutrients
 In untrained individuals
stroke volume at rest it
averages 50-70ml/beat
increasing up to 110-
130ml/beat beat during
intense, physical activity.
In elite athletes resting
 stroke volume averages
90-110ml/beat increasing
to as much as 150-
220ml/beat
 CV system cont...
Increased Cardiac Untrained REST MAX
Output (CO) SV 60ml/beat EXERCISE
120ml/beat
SV X HR = CO X X X
As SV and HR increase HR 70 beats/min 130 beats/ min
during exercise CO wi l = = =
increase.
CO 4200ml/min 15600ml/min
In a trained heart both SV
and HR have increased
capacity. Elite REST MAX EXERCISE
SV does increase to a SV 100ml/beat 200ml/beat
point – however the
significant increases in X X X
CO are caused by a HR 40 beats/ min 180 beats/ min
bigger increases in = = =
heart rate CO 4800ml/min 36000ml/min
 CV system cont...
 Decreased resting  Capillarisation
heart rate  Capillary networks
With regular training your increase to your cardiac
resting HR falls. and skeletal muscle.
Also your HR returns to  This improves blood
normal quicker after supply to the active
exercise. muscles and improves
the muscles’ efficiency
How could you measure
these improvements
over your 6 week
program?
 CV system cont...
 Increase in Blood  Reduction in
Volume Resting
 Your blood volume is the Blood
amount of blood Pressure
circulating in your body What are the 2 measurements
 It increases as an of BP?
adaptation to regular 1. Systolic
exercise 2. Diastolic
 It increases as a result Research shows that the quicker
of capillarisation your BP returns to normal the
fitter you are.
How could you measure this?
Regular exercise can contribute to
 CV system cont...  Decreased
Recovery Time
•HR recovery is a measure
•  Increased
of how much your HR
Aerobic Fitness falls
 the first minute after

• This occurs as a result of
what kind of training? exercise.

• Aerobic training e.g.? •Fit

people can recover
Running, cycling... more

quickly. How?

• Aerobic fitness refers to •The CV system has adapted and
endurance, or the ability to become more efficient through the
 sustain work for prolonged demands of regular exercise
periods.

• How can you measure an
improvement in aerobic
fitness?
references
• Sareen Gropper, Jack Smith and James Groff, Advanced Nutrition
and Human Metabolism, fifth ed. WADSWORTH

• Melvin H Williams 2010; Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th
ed, McGraw Hill
•
• Heymsfield, SB.; Baumgartner N.; Richard and Sheau-Fang P. 1999.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease; Shils E Maurice,
Olson A. James, Shike Moshe and Ross A. Catharine eds. 9th
edition

• Guyton, C. Arthur. 1985. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 6th

edition, W.B. Company