WASTE

It is defined as
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk) is any
unwanted or useless materials.

Broadly there are three types of

waste which as follows
1. Household waste as municipal waste
2. Industrial waste as hazardous waste
3. Biomedical waste or hospital waste as
infectious waste
SOLID WASTE
Can be defined as
“non liquid, non soluble material ranging from municipal garbage to industrial
waste that contain complex and sometimes hazardous substance”
Solid Waste Also Includes
 Garbage
 Rubbish
 Demolition products
 Sewage treatment residue
 Dead animals
 Manure and discarded material
SOURCE OF SOLID WASTE

• Agriculture Composition of Municipal Solid Waste

• Fisheries Other
3% Food
15%
• Household
• Commerce and industry Paper
27%

Yard trimmings
14%
Food Yard trimmings Wood
 Solid waste management is a
collection, transport, processing, Rubber leather and textiles Plastic Metal
recycling or monitoring of solid Glass
4%
Wood
6%
waste material Glass Paper Other
Metal
9% Rubber leather and textiles
9%
Plastic
13%
 THE OBJECTIVE OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IS TO;
1.Minimize waste generation
2.Minimize the collection efficiency of
waste
3.Reduce the volume of waste requiring
disposal and maximize the economic
value of waste
4.Develop and adopt environmentally
sound treatment and disposable method
CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLID WASTE
• C/N Ratio
• Presence of heavy metals
• Leachate
• Color Change
• Moisture
Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more
of the following four hazardous traits:
• Ignitability
• Reactivity
• Corrosivity
• Toxicity
COMPONENTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1. COLLECTION: Elements of collection, includes not only the gathering of solid waste and recyclable
material, but also the transport of these materials after collection, to the location where the collection
vehicle is emptied
2. HANDLING AND SEPARATING HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE: Waste handling and separation involves
activities associated with waste management until the waste is placed is storage containers for collection.
Handling also include the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection . Separating different
types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage waste at the source.
3. TRANSFER OF TRANSPORT: Transfer and transport refers to the facilities used to transfer of wastes from
one location to another.
- Small collection vehicles are transferred to larger vehicles that are used to transport the waste over
extended distances to disposal sites
 COMPOSTING :
• Organic matter constitutes 35%-40% of the municipal solid waste generated in
India. This waste can be recycled by the method of composting, one of the
oldest forms of disposal. It is the natural process of decomposition of organic
waste that yields manure or compost, which is very rich in nutrients.
• Composting is a biological process in which micro-organisms, mainly fungi
and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus like substance.
This finished product, which looks like, is high in carbon and nitrogen and is an
excellent medium for growing plants.
• Vermi-composting has become very popular in the last few years. In this
method, worms are added t the compost . These helps to break the waste and
the added excreta the worms makes the compost very rich in nutrients.
 MSW(MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING)
RULES,2000
• The draft of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were
published under the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, these rules may be called the Municipal Solid Wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
• These rules shall apply to every municipal authority responsible for collection,
segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid
wastes . Responsibility of Municipal Authority: The municipal authority or an operator
of a facility shall make an application in Form-1, for grant of authorization for setting up
waste processing and disposal facility including landfills from the State Board or the
Committee in order to comply with the implementation program laid down in Schedule
• The municipal authority shall furnish its annual report in Form-II, with a copy to the
State Board or the Committee on or before the 30th day of June every year.
 MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES:
• Any municipal solid shall be managed and handled in accordance with the
compliance and the procedure .
• The waste processing and disposal facilities to be set up by the municipal
authority shall meet up the standards as specified.
• ANNUAL REPORT: The State Boards and the Committees shall prepare and
submit to the central pollution control board an annual report with regard to
the implementation of these rules by the 15th of September every year .
• ACCIDENT REPORTING: When an accident occurs at any municipal soild
wastes collection, segregation, storage, processing, treatment and disposal
facility or landfill site or during the transportation of such wastes, the
municipal authority shall forthwith report the accident.