Historical and Contemporary Nursing

Practice
(part 1: First Lecture)

(BNUR 211) FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING I

TRIMESTER 2- 2022 – 2023

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 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, the students will be able to:

Identify the historical perspectives in nursing within the middle eastern

context
Describe the contemporary nursing practice
State the criteria of a profession
Explain the socialization of nursing
Identify the professional nursing organizations in Saudi Arabia

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3
 Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering
Definition of through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses; and
advocacy in health care for individuals, families, communities, and
Nursing populations.
American Nurses Association (ANA).

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Introduction

Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of

individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover
optimal health and life.

Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach

to patient care, training, and scope of practice.

Nurses practice in a wide diversity with a different scope of practice and level

of prescriber authority in each.

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Historical perspectives in nursing within middle
eastern context
Consistent with the vision of Florence Nightingale, nursing services in the
Middle East are provided to people whenever and wherever they require them in
hospitals, the community, public health centers, the home, workplaces, and
schools.

In the context of the Middle East, international organizations such as the World
Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) have
supported the transformational change. (WHO EMRO (2010)

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 Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia: History and
Development
Nursing education in KSA was initiated by the Ministry of Education
(MoE).

An American male nurse who was working for the Arabian-American

Oil Company in 1948 initiated the first documented nursing education
classes in Saudi Arabia.

The establishment of nursing as a profession in the MOH in 1954, and

the Saudi government launched the first official nursing school in 1958.

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 Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia

In the 1980s, the first Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) program for female nurses
was introduced at King Saud University in Riyadh.

The same program was introduced by the same university for male nurses in 2013.

In July 2011, a royal decree ordered the transfer of the governance of 39 health
institutes and colleges from the MOH to the MoE.

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Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia
The National Commission for Academic Accreditation and
Assessment (NCAAA), which was founded in 2004, monitors
bachelor’s programs under the MoE governance.

The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties(SCFHS)

The SCFHS is responsible for the professional classification and registration of
health specialties in KSA. All health specialties in higher education programs
must be approved by the SCFHS

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 Phases of Nursing education in Saudi
Arabia
Nursing education in Saudi Arabia has gone through several
developmental phases:
The first phase started in 1948 and witnessed the emergence of nursing education
through the Arabian-American Oil Company initiative.

The second phase (1958-1975) was driven by the Saudi government's need to
increase the production of qualified nurses. The establishment of the first male
nursing institute was started by a collaboration with the WHO and the female
enrollment into the nursing profession.

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Phases of Nursing education in Saudi
Arabia
The third phase (1976-1990) witnessed the involvement of
universities in nurses' education either at the graduate or postgraduate
levels.

The fourth phase (2004-2020) was the correction phase where male
nursing programs opened in several universities at the graduate and
postgraduate levels; the phase also saw the establishment of Ph.D.
programs.

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 Scope of practice defined in nursing
What: Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and
abilities; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in
the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.
Where: Wherever there is a patient in need of care.
When: Whenever there is a need for nursing knowledge, compassion, and
expertise.
Why: The profession exists to achieve the most positive patient outcomes in
keeping with nursing’s social contract and obligation to society

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Part I: History and Development of
Nursing
Introduction:
• Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care
of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or
recover optimal health and life.
• Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by
their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.
• Nurses practice in a wide diversity with a different scope of practice and
level of prescriber authority in each. 

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History and Development of Nursing

Nursing in
Nursing in the Dark Age of
ancient
Middle Ages Nursing
civilization

The Nursing in Islam

development of and Saudi
modern Nursing Arabia

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Nursing in Islam and Saudi Arabia
The first known Muslim nurse and the founder of the nursing profession in the Arabic and Islamic history
was Rufaida Al-Asalmiya.

Rufaida and a group of Muslim women assisted in the holy wars by providing first aid, drinking water,
protecting the wounded and dying soldiers from the desert wind and heat, in addition to providing
emotional support.

Other Muslim women practiced Nursing during the time of Prophet Mohammed, include Kuaibah Bint Saad
Al-Aslamiya , She carried and took care of wounded Muslim soldiers during battles and took care of patients
during peaceful times. Nasibah Bint Kaab Almazenieh joined the Muslim armies and provided care to the
wounded soldiers.

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 Licensed Practical (Vocational) Nursing
Programs:

Are housed in community colleges,

Types Of vocational schools, hospitals, or other
Nursing independent health agencies.
Education These programs generally last 9 to 12 months
Programs and include both classroom and clinical
experience.
At the end of the program, graduates take
the NCLEX-PN to obtain licensure as a
practical or vocational nurse.
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 Registered Nursing Programs
• Diploma: Three-year programs: Today’s diploma
programs are hospital-based educational
programs that provide rich clinical experiences
Types Of for nursing students. These programs often are
Nursing associated with colleges or universities.
Education • Associate degree (ADP): 2 years program: arose
in the early 1950s, were the first and only
Programs educational programs for nursing that were
systematically developed from planned research
and controlled experimentation.
• Most of these programs take place in
community colleges.

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 Registered Nursing Programs
• Baccalaureate degree (BSN):
• Baccalaureate programs are in senior colleges and
universities and are generally 4 years in length. Programs
include courses in the liberal arts, sciences, humanities,
Types Of and nursing.
• Graduates must complete both the degree requirements
Nursing of the college or university and the nursing program
Education before being awarded a baccalaureate degree.
• The usual degree awarded is a BSN.
Programs • Some accelerated programs for those who have a
baccalaureate degree in another field also offered.
• BSN completion programs for those with diploma,
associate degree
• Baccalaureate degree nurses Generally have more
autonomy, responsibility, career advancement

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 2-Graduate nursing programs
Master's degree:
Doctoral programs
PhD: Faculty roles in nursing education, research
DNP: Highest degree for nurse clinicians

3- Continuing education programs

 Formalized experiences designed to enhance knowledge, skills of
practicing professionals
 Responsibility of all practicing nurses
 Some states require a number of CE credits to renew license
 In-service education program may be offered by employer

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Nursing Education Programs in Saudi Arabia
MOED
MOH

Doctoral Degree

Master degree in Nursing

(Baccalaureate degree)
Associate Diploma in Nursing 4 years + 1-year internship
In Intermediate Health Colleges
(3 years + 6months internship))

Graduation from General High school

(12 grade)
Diploma in Nursing
(3 years)
Graduation after 9 grade 22