Hooks law

Hooks law states: in an elastic member , stress

is directly proportional to strain within elastic
limit
 = Ee
E= /e
E: young’s modulus
Strength of materials
Stress: It is the internal resistance to external
loading
Or it is the ratio of external load to the cross-
sectional area
The mathematical relation:
 = F/A
Example 1
A metal bar of 40mm x 40 mm in section is
subjected to compressive load of 500 KN
The contraction of 200mm gauge length is
found to be 0.6mm and increase in thickness is
0.04mm
Find the value of Poisson's ratio and the elastic
constants
 Solution
Given: b=40mm,t=40mm,P=500KN,L=200mm
the cross section of the shape is square
A=bxt A= 40x40=1600
1.Stress in the section:
=F/A
=500x/1600=312.5N/
2.Poisson’s ratio : U=el/e
e=l/L
e=0.6/200=3x
el=t/t
el=0.04/40=1x
U=1x /3x=0.33
 solution
3. Modulus of elasticity:
E=/e
E=312.5/3x=104.17xN/
4. Modulus of rigidity:
E=2G(1+u)
∴G=E/2(1+u)
G=104.17x /2(1+0.33)=39.16xN/
5. Bulk modulus
E=3k(1-2u)
K=E/3(1-2U)
K=104.17x /3(1-2x0.33)
K=102.12xN/
Example 2
A bar of 12mm diameter is tested on UTM and
the following observation are noted. Gauge
length =200mm, load at proportional
limit=0.2mm, change in diameter at
proportional limit=0.0025mm.
Calculate the value of Poisson’s ratio and
young’s modulus
 solution
 Givens: d=12mm,L=200mm,P=20KN,L=0.2mmd=0.0025mm
A=115.097
1.Poisson’s ratio : U=el/e
el=d/d
el=0.0025/12=2.083x
e=l/l
e=0.2/200
e=1x
U=2.088x /1x=0.208
Since deflection is given
E=pL/A L
E=20x x200/113.097x0.2=176.84x N/
Summation of rules
 Stress: =F/A
 Poisson’s ratio : U=el/e
 Modulus of rigidity: E=2G(1+u) ∴G=E/2(1+u)
 Bulk modulus :E=3k(1-2u) K=E/3(1-2U)
 Deflection: L=pL/AE