MED 111

Principles of Design And

Manufacturing Engineering:

Dr . Mohamed Abd El Azzem

 Mechanical Properties of
Materials
 Stiffness [ N/mm]
 Elasticity [N/mm]
 Plasticity
 Ductility
 Brittlness
 Malleability
 Toughness
 Hardness
 Creep
 Fatigue
1- Stiffness :
 it is the ability of material to resist
deformations under the action load .
 it mostly considered in the design of
spring .

 Stiffness ( K ) is given by the formula :

2- Elasticity :

 is a property by which a material changes

its shape when load is applied and will
regain it’s original shape when load is
removed .
 Elasticity is measured by a term called “
Young’s Modulus “ or “ Modulus of elasticity “ .
3-Plasticity :
 it is the property by which a material is not
able to regain it’s original shape when the
load is removed .it is a permanent
Deformation .

 Material Used in machines are never

allowed to behave in Plastic maner .
4-Ductility :
 it is a property by which materials can be
drawn into wires .
 The ability to flow ,

Copper wires used in electric cables

Aluminium Which is soft material it is also a
ductile material.
5-Brittleness :
 it is the ability of a material by which it
can break or develop crack when loaded.

 ( wood , concrete and cast-iron ) Brittel

material can break without any prior
warning or they can develop cracks .
6-Malleability :
 it is the property by which materials are able
be beaten or converted into thin-sheets .
 Materials which are elastic are better in
malleability .
 ( steel , Copper , Aluminium , brass and
bronze ) are malleable materials .
7- Toughness :
 it is the property by which a material is
able to resist shocks or impact loading .
 Impact loading refers to load falling from a
height .
 Toughness is very useful in the Design of
Springs .
8- Hardness :
 it the property of a material by which it can
resist scratches , marks or wear and tear .
 Hardness is independent of the weight of a
material .
 Hardness is mostly Preffered while
designing components Which Slide over
one another .
 Brittle material are more hard .
9- creep :
 it is the ability of the materials to resist high
or extremely high temperatures .
 Due to creep high amount of thermal
stresses are developed . ( Boiler , engines
steam , turbines and furnaces ) required
creep resisting materials
10-Fatigue :
 it is the property of material to resist repeatable and
Fluctuating loads .
 Engines are Constuntly under Fatigue failure .

 Fatigue can be prevented with good design practice.

1. A smooth surface finish reduces the chance of surface cracking.
2. Sharp corners should be avoided.
3. Corrosion should be avoided as this can cause fatigue cracks.