Introduction and General Servicing

Lubrication and Coolant Products

Section 1_3_2

Page 1 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Engine Design Changes

Retarded
Injection Reduced
Timing
Increased
NOx
Injection
Pressures
Changed Reduced
Spray
Patterns
Particu-
Higher
lates
Soot in Top
Oil Rings
Reduced
Crownland
Clearance
Changed
Piston Two
Temperature
Piece
Increased Pistons
Profile Oil Stress
Reduced
Oil
Piston
Consumption
Deposits

Engine Design Changes and Their Effect on the Engine Oil Performance

Page 2 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Engine Oil Recommendations
The use of quality engine lubricating oils, combined with appropriate oil
drain and filter change intervals, is a critical factor in maintaining engine
performance and durability.
Komatsu recommends the use of high-quality SAE 15W-40 heavy-duty
engine oil which meets performance specifications as listed below.

American Petroleum Institute

International Classifications Comments
Classification (API)

API CD API CE API CG-4/SH ACEA E-1 OBSOLETE. DO NOT USE. 

API CF-4/SG
API CH-4/SJ API CH-4
API CH-4
API CI-4/SK API CI-4
Minimum acceptable oil classification
ACEA E-2 ACEA E-3 JAMA DH-1
for midrange engines.
Acceptable oil classification for
Global DHD-1
midrange engines.
Similar in performance to API CH-4/SJ
but validated under European test
ACEA E-5 Global DHD-1
standards. Excellent oil for midrange
engines.
  Excellent oil for midrange engines.

Page 3 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Engine Oil Recommendations
The API service symbols are shown in the
accompanying illustration. The upper half of the
symbols displays the appropriate oil categories. SAE oil viscosity
The lower half can contain words to describe oil grade
energy-conserving features.
The center section identifies the SAE oil
viscosity grade.

CI-4
VISCOSITY.

SAE 40
15W40
SAE 15W

0 210
TEMPERATURE
Note:
API service oil
The use of a synthetic-base oil does not justify extended oil
change intervals. Extended oil change intervals can decrease categories
engine life due to factors such as corrosion, deposits, and wear.

Page 4 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Heavy-Duty Diesel Category: API Service CI-4

API Service CI-4 Severe Duty Diesel Engine Service

These oils are specifically formulated to sustain
engine durability where Exhaust Gas Recirculation
(EGR) is used and the impact of these oils on other
supplemental exhaust emission devices has not
been determined. Optimum protection is provided
against corrosive and soot-related wear tendencies,
piston deposits, degradation of low- and high-
temperature viscometric properties due to soot
accumulation, oxidative thickening, loss of oil
consumption control, foaming, degradation of seal
materials, and viscosity loss due to shear.
Page 5 (08/05) Media # KT900105
New Premium Oils Are Backward Compatibility

Protection for both existing and new EGR equipped

diesel engines

Page 6 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Fuel Sulfur and Engine Oil Life

= 0.5
= 0.05
= 0.005
= 0.035 = 0.005
Air + Fuel = Energy + Exhaust Gases
Typical CI-4 TBN
O N S HC PM NOX CO

TBN additives protect

the engine against
Sulfur’ harmful
Damage Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrocarbons
Particulate
Matter

Sulfur
+
H2O Nitrogen
Oxides

TBN
Sulfuric Acid Carbon
Monoxide
Engine carries a TBN rating (Total Base Number).
The TBN rating describes the oil’s ability to neutralize acids formed in the engine during
operation. The larger the number the higher the ability. High sulfur diesel creates more acid
thus consuming the TBN sooner, shorting the life of the engine oil.

Page 7 (08/05) Media # KT900105

Coolant / Antifreeze Recommendations
 Use low-silicate Heavy Duty antifreeze meeting Komatsu KES specifications
and/or ASTM4985 (GM6038M specification) criteria.
 Komatsu recommends using a minimum a 30/70 mixture of good-quality
water and fully formulated antifreeze, or fully formulated coolant when filling the
cooling system.
 Good-quality water is important for cooling system performance. Excessive
levels of calcium and magnesium contribute to scaling problems, and excessive
levels of chlorides and sulfates cause cooling system corrosion.
Water Quality
Calcium Magnesium Maximum 170 ppm as
(hardness) (CaCO3 + MgCO3)
Chloride 40 ppm as (CI)
Sulfur 100 ppm as (SO4)

 A 50/50 mixture of antifreeze and water gives a -36°C [-33°F] freezing point
and a 108°C [226°F] boiling point, which is adequate for most locations. The
actual lowest freezing point of ethylene glycol antifreeze is at 68 percent. Using
higher concentrations of antifreeze will raise the freezing point of the solution
and increase the possibility of a silica gel problem.

Page 8 (08/05) Media # KT900105

General Cooling System Recommendations

 A refractometer must be used to measure

the freezing point of the coolant accurately.
 Do not use a floating ball hydrometer. Using

floating ball hydrometers can give an

incorrect reading.

 Do not use sealing additives in the cooling system. The use of sealing
additives will:
 Buildup in coolant low-flow areas
 Plug the radiator and oil cooler
 Possibly damage the water pump seal
 Do not use soluble oils in the cooling system. The use of soluble oils will:

 Corrode brass and copper

 Damage heat transfer surfaces
 Damage seals and hoses.
Page 9 (08/05) Media # KT900105
 End of Lubrication and Coolant
Products

Section 1_3_2

Page 10 (08/05) Media # KT900105