DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN

UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE

Guided by: Dr.SHINE.K BATCH-O

Designation: HOD ME TEAM MEMBERS:
•Muhammed Ashar (MES19ME037)
•Vyshnav.P (MES19ME052)
•Mohammed Safvan.P.P (MES19ME032)
•Mohamed shamnas.K (MES19ME027)

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Example of an military
vehicle accident
occurred in india:

Source:
https://
www.eastmojo
.com/news/
2019/10/18/
arunachal-
pradesh-army-
jawan-dead-
as-truck-falls-
into-gorge/

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Example of an Land
mine accident occurred
in india:

Source:
https://www.hin
dustantimes.co
m/india/7-crpAf
-jawans-feared-
dead-after-maoi
sts-blast-vehicle
-in-dantewa

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 Objective
• To design and fabricate an autonomous ground vehicle.

• To perform all the survey and detection activities.

• To detect landmines and enemy presence.

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 Introduction:

Risks involved in military operations:

•Increase in mine blast injuries.[2]

Various images of landmine accidents
• occurs while handling the mine, stepping on a mine or
falling onto a mine.

•Other accidents include accidents on military vehicles.

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 Introduction:
Main factors which lead to vehicle accidents:

• Perception error in drivers vison, adverse weather conditions etc.[1]

• 94 to 95% of the accidents are due to related to human error to which the drivers are directly
responsible is about 44%. [1]

• An autonomous ground vehicle can help solve these issues.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW:

• Zezhi-Shanget et al. (2005)

accidents of military drivers self mistakes which were recorded by military traffic data and research were
analysed

• MM Harjai et al. (2005)

A mine blast causes extensive injuries and psychological trauma. surgery is difficult, and amputation is often
inevitable.importance for the introduction of self driving vehicles can be helpful in reducing such injures.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW:

• Liu et al.(2021)
Vehicle detection technology implemented in UGVs were identified.

• Various news articles were also reviewed for understanding the reality of these issues.

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 METHODOLOGY

• Human presence and surveillance.

• For automation, Arduino or Raspberry Pi are utilized

• Electric energy is used for working and moving about.

• Visuals are captured using a 360-degree camera.

• GPS sensors are used for locating and mapping purposes.

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 Calculations involved

DATA USED FOR CALCULATION:

Tractive force calculation
frontal area of vehicle = 363mm x 585mm =212,355mm
Tf = F(rolling) +F(gradient) +F(aerodynamic)
Mass ≈ 5 Kg
μr (coefficient of friction)=0.08 for unpaved paths)
F(rolling)=μr x m x g = 0.08 x 5 x 9.81 =3.924 N
Cd (drag coefficient)=1.4 for rectangular plates
F(gradient)=mgsinα= 5 x 9.81 x sin 40=31.52 N
δ (density for air )= 1.12Kg/m 3
F(aerodynamic) = 0.5 x δ x A x Cd x V2 =1. 994 N
Velocity (max) = 40km/hr ≈12 m/s
T.T.F = 3.924+ 31.52 + 1.994 = 37.458 N
Elevation angle ,α ≈ 40d degree
Geometric radius of wheel = 8cm
Assuming 1cm shortening of diameter after adding weight
Rh=7.5cm
Assuming actual velocity =40km/hr or 12 m/s

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 Calculations involved

Wheel torque (T) = T.f x rolling radius

Rolling radius = 2/3 geometric radius + 1/3 radius with added
weight
Rolling radious = (2/3 x 0.08 )+( 1/3 x 0.075) = 0.0783m
Wheel torque = 37.438 x 0.0783 = 2.932 Nm ≈ 3 Nm

Power on wheel = net tractive force x actual velocity

Considering actual velocity = 12 m/s ,
Power = 38 x 12 =456 W

Power= (2πNT)/60 ,
Therefore N=1451.53 R.P.M

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 Calculations involved

• From calculations, a servo motor with a motor torque about 8Nm was decided

• DC Motor due to lower price to higher torque ratio

Battery selection :

• A li-ion battery with a load rating of about 100 watts will be

selected which can last about 4-5 hr .

Vehicle parameters (Theoretical):

• Scale: 1:1 of the final build
•Dimensions: 720mm x 580mm x 527mm
•Material to be used : Stainless steel & aluminium sheet metal

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 Preliminary design

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 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
the whole project procedure will in the following way:
design & fabrication of
unmanned ground vehicle

11: project report making 3: prototype design 4: analysis 5: programming for automation 9: fabrication

2: survey about UGVs 6: final design 1.planning 7: selection of components

10: project presentation 8: buying required

components

Mohammed Safvan.P.P Muhammed Ashar

Outsourced
Vyshnav.P Muhammed shamnas.P

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 KANBAN CHART

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 GANTT CHART

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 Expected outcome

1. Detection of humans and potential dangers can be done without human intervention.

2. analysis and mapping of terrain can be performed

3. Better mobility through uneven terrains

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 Reference:

1.Basith k v ,Dibu K K ,Faris T ,Fazila Salim ,Suraj K .Unmanned Ground

Vehicle . MESCE EEE 2017-2018.

2.MM Harjai, DC Agarwal, P Dave, SS Jog, P Arora, Mine Blast Injuries - Our
Experience, Medical Journal Armed Forces India, Volume 61, Issue 2,2005

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 Reference:
3.Liu, Q.; Li, Z.; Yuan, S.; Zhu, Y.; Li, X. Review on Vehicle Detection
Technology for Unmanned Ground Vehicles. Sensors 2021, 21, 1354.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041354

4.Zezhi-Shang and L. Chang, "Study on Accidents of Military Driver's Self-

Mistakes," 2013 Fifth International Conference on Measuring Technology and
Mechatronics Automation, 2013, pp. 1039-1044, doi:
10.1109/ICMTMA.2013.257.

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 Thank you

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