DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY

(II B.Sc Microbiology )

Course Title :IMMUNOLOGY

Course CODE: 18BSU02
Unit - I (Class – 04)
Comparision of innate and adaptive

1
SNAP TALK
NEWS READING
ATTENDANCE
 TOPIC
Adaptive Immune response - Humoral and
cellular component of the Immune response;
Comparison between innate and adaptive
immunity

5
 CONTENTS
• Adaptive defenses
• Characteristics
• Components
• Humoral immunity
• Cell mediated
• Comparision
COMPARISION BETWEEN INNATE
AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
 Passive Humoral Immunity
• Natural: maternal antibody crosses the placental
barrier conferring temporary immunity to the baby
(degrades after a few months)
• Artificial: antibodies harvested from an outside
source given by injection protect from immediate
threat but no memory is formed (antitoxins,
antivenins , gamma globulin, etc.)
 Cell Mediated Immune Response
• T-cell activation: involves recognition of
PM(Plasma Membrane) surface antigens only
– Antigen is combined with MHC & displayed on PM
– T-cell receptors: bind to the MHC & are stimulated by
the associated antigen
– The addition of a co-stimulator (cytokines, interleukins,
etc) prompts the T-cell to form a clone
– In the absence of a co-stimulator the T-cell becomes
tolerant to antigen
 Strategy of Adaptive
Immune Response
• First response to particular antigen called primary
response
– May take a week or more to develop
• Immune system remembers pathogen on subsequent
exposure
– Termed secondary response
• Adaptive immunity divided into
– Humoral immunity
• Eliminates extracellular pathogens
– Cellular immunity
• Eliminates intracellular pathogens
 Strategy of Adaptive
Immune Response
• Overview of humoral immunity
– Mediated by B lymphocytes
• B cells
– Develops in bone marrow
– B cells may be triggered to proliferate into plasma cells
• Plasma cells produce antibodies
– Antibodies produce when antigen bonds B cell receptor
– Some B cells produce memory cells
Strategy of Adaptive
Immune Response
 Strategy of Adaptive
Immune Response
• Overview of cellular immunity

– Mediated by T lymphocytes
• T cells
– Matures in thymus
– Divided into 2 subsets
• Cytotoxic T cells
• Helper T cells
– T cell receptors help with antigen recognition
 Anatomy of the Lymphoid System
• Lymphoid system collection of tissues and organs
designed to bring B and T cells in contact with
antigens
– In order for body to mount appropriate response, immune
cells must encounter antigen
• Lymphoid system includes
– Lymphatic vessels
– Secondary lymphoid organs
– Primary lymphoid organs
Anatomy of the Lymphoid System
 Anatomy of the Lymphoid System

• Lymphatic vessels
– Carry lymph to body tissues
• Lymph formed as result of body’s circulatory system
– Lymph travels through vessels to lymph nodes
• Material such as protein is removed
– Fluid portion empties back into blood stream
 Anatomy of the Lymphoid System
• Secondary lymphoid organs
– Sites where lymphocytes gather to encounter
antigens; organs include
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Tonsils
• Adenoids
• Appendix
– Organs situated strategically
• Allows for initiation of immune response from nearly
any place in body
 Anatomy of the Lymphoid System
• Primary lymphoid organs
– Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid
organs
• Location where stem cells destined to become B and T
cells mature
– B cells mature in bone marrow
– T cells mature in thymus
• Once mature, cells leave primary lymphoid organs and
migrate to secondary lymphoid organs
 Nature of Antigens
• Coined from compounds that elicit antibody
production
– Antibody generator
• Includes an enormous variety of materials
• Today, term used to describe any compound that
elicits an immune response
– Antigen that causes immune response termed immunogen
• Proteins and polysaccharides induce string response
– Lipids and nucleic acids often do not
• Recognition of antigen directed at antigenic
determinant or epitope
.S.N Characteristics Innate Immunity Adaptive immunity

Adaptive immunity is created in

Innate immunity is something
.1 Presence response to exposure to a foreign
.already present in the body
.substance

.2 Specificity Non-Specific Specific

.3 Response Fights any foreign invader Fight only specific infection

.4 Response Rapid Slow (1-2 weeks)

.5 Potency Limited and Lower potency High potency

Once activated against a specific

The span of developed immunity
.6 Time span type of antigen, the immunity
.can be lifelong or short
.remains throughout the life
 Innate type of immunity is Adaptive immunity is not passed
.7 Inheritance generally inherited from parents from the parents to offspring,
.and passed to offspring .hence it cannot be inherited

Cannot react with equal potency Adaptive system can remember

.8 Memory upon repeated exposure to the the specific pathogens which have
.same pathogen .encountered before

Develops during a person’s

.9 Presence Present at birth
.lifetime and can be short-lived

Immediate and Delay

.10 Allergic Reaction None
hypersensitivity

Microbes and non-microbial

.11 Used Against For microbes
substances called antigens

.12 Memory No memory Long term memory

.13 Diversity Limited High
.14 Speed Faster response Slower response
Complement system
.15 Alternative and lectin pathways Classical pathway
activation
Anatomic and Skin, Mucous membranes, Temp, Lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal
.16
physiological barriers .pH, chemicals, etc .associated lymphoid tissue

The innate immune system is

composed of physical and
Adaptive immune system is
.17 Composition chemical barriers, phagocytic
.composed of B cells and T cells
leukocytes, dendritic cells, natural
.killer cells, and plasma proteins

Evolutionary, older and is found Adaptive immunity system has

.18 Development in both vertebrates and been developed recently and is
.invertebrates .found only in the vertebrates

Chickenpox vaccination so that

White blood cells fighting
we don’t get chickenpox because
.19 Example bacteria, causing redness and
adaptive immunity system has
.swelling, when you have a cut
.remembered the foreign body
 SUMMARY
• The humoral and cell mediated are the two
different components of the adaptive
immune response.
• The humoral immunity is of two types
active and passive.
• In cell mediated the T-cells and MHC
molecules are involved.
 KEYWORDS

• Systemic
• Memory
• Specificity
• Immunogenicity
• Reactivity
 POINTS TO PONDER??????
• Characteristics and components of adaptive
immune response

• Humoral immunity and its types

• Cell mediated immunity

MCQ’S
NEXT HOUR
(04)CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM :
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID
ORGANS