skolamdeli aRzrdis modelebi

sabavSvo baRi
• patara bavSvebis emociur, socialur da fizikur ganviTarebas
pirdapiri gavlena aqvs maT Semdgom ganviTarebaze.
amitom imis gacnobiereba rom investireba moxdes Zalian
patara bavSvebSi aris mniSvnelovani, rom gavzardoT
maqsimalurad momavalSi maTi keTildReoba.

• sabavSvo baRi (nursery school, pre-primary school,

kindergarten outside the US and UK) aris adreuli
bavSvobis programa, romelSic bavSvebi aTavseben
swavlas TamaSTan profesiulad momzadebuli aRmzrdelebis
xelmZRvanelobiT.

• bavSvebi arian Cveulebriv 3-5 wlis, xolo baga-baRSi

SeiZleba iyon 2 wlidan.
 istoria
• 1977 wels iohan fridrih oberlinma (
Johann Friedrich Oberlin) da luis Seflerma
(Louise Scheppler) strasburgSi daaarses
pirveli skolamdeli dawesebuleba bavSvebisTvis,
romelTa mSoblebic mTeli dRe ar iyvnen saxlSi.

• 1780 wels aseTive bavSvebis movlis saxli

gaixsna bavariaSi.

• 1802 wels daaarsa Pauline zur Lippe

skolamdeli centri detmoldSi.
iohan fridrih oberlin da luis Sefleri
robert oueni
• 1816 wels filosofosma da
pedagogma robert ouenma
gaxsna pirvelad britaneTSi da
msoflioSic, pirveli Cvilebis
saxli niu lenarkSi, SotlandiaSi.

• ouens surda mieca

bavSvebisTvis kargi moraluri
ganaTleba, rom maT
SeZlebodaT samuSaos Sovna.
misi sistema iyo warmatebuli da
gulisxmobda wera-kiTxvis da
Tvlis swavlebas
 • Samuel Wilderspin gaxsna
Samuel Wilderspin
pirveli skola bavSvebisaTvis 1819
wels londonSi da mere asobiT
mTels qveyanaSi.

• man gamoaqveyna bevri Sroma

am sakiTxze. misi Sromebi gaxda
modeli Cvilebis skolebisTvis
inglisSi da sxvaganac. TamaSi iyo
mniSvnelovani nawili mis
sistemaSi. man aseve dawera “The
Infant System, for developing
the physical, intellectual, and
moral powers off all children
from 1 to seven years of age ”
 • ganicdida iohan hainrih
Countess Theresa
Brunszvik (1775–1861), pestalocis gavlenas,

• man gaxsna Tavis

rezidenciaSi budaSi
(ungreTi) 1828 wels pirveli
TerTmeti centridan patara
bavSvebisTvis.
 saqarTveloSi
• CvenTan sabavSvo baRebis gaxsna pirvelad daiwyes demokratiul
saqarTveloSi 1920 wels.

• skolamdeli aRzrdis sistemis ganviTarebis mizniT saministrom

italiidan moiwvia milaneli mecnieri, sabavSvo baRebis instruqtori,
mariam montesoris sistemis erTerTi aRiarebuli specialisti qalbatoni
kondulmo.

• sabWoTa saqarTveloSi sabavSvo baRebi miCneuli iyo

mcirewlovani bavSvebis sazogadoebrivi aRzrdis ZiriTad tipad.
maTi Seqmna garkveul mizans isaxavda. saWiro iyo qalis saojaxo
saqmeebidan gamoTavisufleba da misi sawarmoo saqmianobaSi
CarTva.

• bavSvis movla-patronoba ZiriTadad Tavis Tavze saxelmwifom

aiRo.
 saqarTveloSi
• sabavSvo baRebis qselis ganviTareba pirvel wlebSi neli tempiT
mimdinareobda. magram roca gaZlierda qalis roli warmoebaSi,
skolamdeli aRzrdis qseli swrafad ganviTarda da igi moeqca
saxalxo ganaTlebis erTian sistemaSi.

• 1921-1922 wlidan skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebebi

(sabavSvo baRebi, sabavSvo kerebi da sabavSvo moednebi)
emsaxureboda 4-7 wlis bavSvebs. arsebobda sabavSvo baRebi,
romlebic 24 saaTis xangrZlivobiT muSaobden im
bavSvebisaTvis, romelTa mSoblebs cvlaSi muSaoba
uxdebodaT.

• momdevno wlebSi sabavSvo baRebs, garda bavSvebis

zedamxedvelobisa, daemata saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi funqciac
– “aRsazrdelebis yovelmxrivi ganviTareba da aRzrda”.
 saqarTveloSi
• sabavSvo baRebis qselis gazrdam Sesabamisad moiTxova aRmzrdelTa
kadrebis momzadeba. am mizniT gaixsna rigi pedagogiuri saswavleblebisa
da teqnikumebisa. 1922 wels saqarTveloSi 30 sabavSvo baRi arsebobda 848
aRsazrdeliT. pirveli xuTwledis bolosaTvis 544 baRi. 1941 wlisTvis ki maTi
raodenoba 645-mde gaizarda, sadac 38 434 aRsazrdeli iyo.

• SedarebisaTvis, 1990 wels qveyanaSi funqcionirebda 2479 skolamdeli

dawesebuleba 202 000 aRsazrdeliT. Tu 80-ian wlebSi bavSvTa 48% CarTuli
iyo skolamdel dawesebulebebSi, 1990 wels es maCvenebeli Semcirda 41%-
mde, xolo 2000 wlisTvis mxolod 22% Seadgina (maT Soris soflad
sesabamisad 36%-28%-13%).

• 2000wlisTvis saxelmwifo biujetis mZime mdgomareobis gamo daixura

1300-mde sabavSvo baRi da baRebs CamoSorda 80.000 –mde aRsazrdeli.
ramac didi daRi daasva skolisaTvis bavSvebis momzadebis saqmes da
Sesabamisad moswavleTa codnis donesac. umuSevarTa rigebs daemata
baRebSi momuSaveTa TiTqmis 70%. dRes izrdeba sabavSvo baRebis
raodenobac da swavlebis xarisxic, magram cota qaoturad.
 ganviTarebis sferoebi

ganviTarebis sferoebi, romelsac sabavSvo baRi moicavs, droTa

ganmavlobaSi icvleba. Tumca ZiriTadi Temebi tipiuria _ fizikuri,
kognituri, pirovnuli da socialuri ganviTareba:

• komunikacia (niSnebis enis CaTvliT), laparaki da mosmena

• codna samyaros Sesaxeb
• kreatiuli da esTetikuri ganviTareba
• maTematikuri unarebis ganviTareba
• fizikuri ganviTareba
• fizikuri janmrTeloba
• TamaSi
• gunduri samuSao
• mecnieruli azrovneba
• pirovnuli da socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba
• wigniereba
 filosofiuri midgomebi
adreuli bavSvobisadmi araerTi filosofiuri
midgomaa. yvelaze cnobili:
• montesoris skolis filosofia efuZneba maria
montesoris Sromebs. …
• valdorfis sistema
• rejio emilias (Reggio Emilia) midgoma
• proeqtze dafuZnebuli swavleba
• High/scope. ...
• Bank Street. ...
• Religious. ...
• Community
 maria montesoris modeli

maria montesorim Tavisi moZraoba daaarsa 1907 wels.

• montesoris mTavari ide aris _ bavSvebi swavloben
individualurad maswavleblebis xelmZRvanelobiT. bavSvebi
monawileoben sxvadasxva saxis aqtivobebSi. saTamaSo masalebi
Seqmnilia specifikuri miznebisTvis. montesori xazs usvamda
personalur pasuxismgeblobas bavSvebis waxalisebiT, rom izrunon
Tavis personalur saWiroebebze, rogoricaa saWmlis momzadeba,
saTamaSoebis milageba. sxvadasxva asakis bavSvebs SeuZliaT
iswavlon erT saklaso oTaxSi da daexmaron erTmaneTs swavlaSi.
• individualur swavlaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba bavSvs aZlevs
saSualebas imuSaos sakuTari tempiT, rac qmnis jansaR garemos
specialuri saWiroebebis bavSvebisaTvis.
• yvela bavSvi aris unikaluri pirovneba kreatiuli potencialiT,
swavlis moTxovnilebiT da uflebiT pativi scen mis individualobas.
maria montesori
 maria montesoris modeli
• radgan bavSvebi ganicdian sazogadoebisa da maTi uSualo garemos gavlenas,
Cven vqmniT garemos bavSvis bunebriv ganviTarebasTan harmoniaSi.

• bavSvebs unda mivceT Tavisufleba imuSaon da imoZraon oTaxSi an ezoSi

meTvalyureobis qveS. Sedegad isini xedaven sakuTar Tavs rogorc Tavisufal
pirovnebas da rogorc gundis wevrs.

• montesoris masalebi exmareba bavSvebs Seiswavlon da gamoikvlion garemo

aqtivobebis daxmarebiT romelTa mizania mTliani pirovnebis ganviTareba

• bavSvebs waaxaliseben imuSaon Tavis sakuTar sivrceSi, individualurad an

sxvebTan erTad.

• Sereuli asakis jgufebi qmnis bavSvebisTvis SesaZleblobebs ganaviTaron

socialuri Cvevebi

• bavSvebs regularulad akvirdebian individualuradac da jgufebSic.

 maria montesoris modeli
montesoris midgoma exmareba bavSvs ganaviTaros:
• kreatiuloba,
• problemebis gadaWris unari,
• socialuri da drois menejmentis unar-Cvevebi,
• rom gaxdes pirovneba da
• ipovos Tavisi adgili samyaroSi.

• montesoris klasSi pativs scemen bavSvis individualur arCevans

ikvlios da imuSaos.

• atmosfero aris Tbili, mastimulirebeli, sadac bavSvs SeuZlia

imuSaos Tavisi tempiT.

• klasi isea momzadebuli, rom daexmaros bavSvs miaRwios dasaxul

miznebs, sanam muSaoben.
• savarjiSo praqtikuli cxovreba iwyeba mosamzadebeli
savarjiSoebiT - garemoze zrunva, pirovnebaze zrunva,
Tavazianoba, etiketi, moZraoba.

• jgufSi aris masalebi yvela am sferosTvis, adaptirebuli

bavSvis zomebTan, interesebTan da unarebTan.

• sensoruli masalebi aris maTematikurad daxarisxebuli,

isini gamoyofen mxolod erT niSans/Tvisebas da
gankuTvnilia mxolod individualuri muSaobisa da
varjiSisTvis. es SesaZlebels xdis bavSvebisTvis
ganazogados cneba konkretul masalaSi, daarqvas
saxeli, da gamoiyenos.
 metyvelebis ganviTareba

• metyvelebisTvis gankuTvnili masalebi nebas aZleven

bavSvebs weron da ikiTxon spontanurad. magaliTad, moZravi
anbaniT aawyon sityvebi,
maTematikis masalebi aZlevs bavSvebs sensorul gamocdilebas - ra aris
maTematika, da roca dro mova, ukeT SeZlon abstraqtuli terminebis gageba.
Culture
• ezoSi yofna pozitiur gavlenas axdens bavSvebis ganwyobaaze, exmareba
yvela aspeqtis ganviTarebas. bavSvs SeuZlia gaakeTos raRaceebi
gansxvavebulad, vidre oTaxSi. patarebs uSualo kontaqti aqvT amindTan,
weliwadis droebTan, bunebasTan. aZlevs saSualebas Tavisuflad ikvlion
garemo, gamoiyenon grZnobis organoebi/SegrZnebebi, iyon fizikurad
aqtiurebi.
 valdorfis modeli

• valdorfis filosofia - valdorfis pirveli skola daaarsa 1919

wels, avstrieli pedagogis rudolf Staineris ideebis
bazaze. am sistemis mizani aris bavSvis emociuri da
fizikuri ganviTareba iseve, rogorc inteleqtualuri
ganviTareba. valdorfis skola kargia bavSvebisTvis,
romlebic viTardebian prognozirebadi ritmiT.

• valdorfis programis mTavari principi aris sando rutina.

yoveldRiuri da yovelkvireuli gegma qmnis ritms da am
rutinas maswavleblebi xSirad iyeneben bavSvebis
erTdaimave jgufTan mTeli cxra wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac
saSualebas aZlevs maT Seqmnan ndobiTi urTierTobebi.
atmosfero aris saxlis magvari, naturaluri avejiT da
saTamaSoebiT da jgufze orientirebuli kurikulumiT.
• valdorfi xazs usvamda kreatiul swavlebas,
rogoricaa TamaSi (play-acting), ambis
moyola, simRera, saWmlis momzadeba.

• mravali erovnuli da saerTaSoriso asociacia

aregulirebs valdorfis programebs, skola unda
iyos afilirebuli adgilobriv organizaciasTan
romelic valdorfis saxels atarebs.
maswavleblebma unda iswavlon valdorfis
organizaciaSi.
 midgoma High/scope

• es midgoma 1970 wels daarsda Dr. David Weikart-is Sromebze

dayrdnobiT (Perry Preschool Project ).

• programa daiwyo 1962 wels, masSi CarTuli iyvnen maswavleblebi,

romlebic ramdenime saaTi muSaobden 3-4 wlis bavSvebTan
skolebSi, qondaT regularuli Sexvedrebi da yovel kviras qondaT
vizitebi ojaxebSi.

• programis ZiriTadi idea iyo, rom adreul ganaTlebas SeuZlia

agvacilos warumatebloba ufrosi klasebis moswavleebSi.

• es proeqti aris erTerTi adreuli bavSvobis sferoSi Catarebuli

ramdenime longituduri kvlevidan, romlebSic miiRes sayuradRebo
Sedegebi. magaliTad, sakontrolo jgufTan SedarebiT am programis
bavSvebidan ufro metma daamTavra skola da ufro naklebi moxvda
cixeSi.
Dr. David Weikart
midgoma eyrdnoba konstruqtivizms.
konstruqtivistebs sjerodaT, rom:

• Cven vswavlobT fizikuri da gonebrivi

interaqciiT garemosTan da sociumTan.

• Secdomebi, romlebic SeiZleba davuSvaT am

interaqciisas, maT mier ganxilulia rogorc
swavlis procesis nawili.
• konstruqtivizmic da montesoris meTodic moicavs swavlas
keTebiT, Tumca aris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebic.

• High/scope-Si bavSvebSi waxalisebulia kreatiuli kvleva

da amas zogjer mivyavarT TamaSTan, maSin roca
montesoris midgomaSi xazgasmulia realuri cxovrebiseuli
muSaoba.

• konstruqtivizmi aris swavlis Teoria swavlebis Teoriis

sapirispirod. es programa aris swavlebis midgoma, radgan
xels uwyobs konstruqtivistebis rwmenas – bavSvebi
swavloben aqtiuri CarTulobiT adamianebTan, masalebTan
da ideebTan urTierTobisas.
• programa xazs usvams socialur da emociur ganviTarebas
akademiuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis daxmarebiT.

• bavSvebi da zrdasrulebi swavloben TanamSromlobiT

(collaboratively) da moswavleebs waaxaliseben gaakeTon
damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi da arCevani masalebis Tu
aqtivobebis.

• es midgoma mxars uWers saswavlo gamocdilebas (rogoricaa

sagnebis awyoba, Tvla da laparaki), iseve rogorc ufro kreatiul da
sametyvelo aqtivobebs (rogoricaa simRera da ambebis Txroba).
zogierTi programa moicavs kompiuteris moxmarebas swavlis
procesSi.

• es programa kargia da warmatebuli qalaqis risk-jgufebis

bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebisTvis specialuri saWiroebebiT.
 rejio emilias midgoma (Reggio Emilia Approach)

es aris saganmanaTleblo filosofia fokusirebuli

skolamdel da dawyebiT ganaTlebaze.

es midgoma ganaviTara Loris Maalaguzzi-m, romelic

TviTon iyo maswavlebeli da mSoblebma qalaq
rejio emilias garSemo soflebidan.
amosavali iyo, rom adamianebi TviTon qmnian
Tavis pirovnebas ganviTarebis adreul wlebSi.
italiaSi, meore msoflio omis Semdeg, adamianebs
swamdaT, rom bavSvebs WirdebaT swavlis axali
gza. Am midgomis mizani aris aswavlon bavSvebs
rogor gaxden sasargeblo yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
rejio emilia
Loris Maalaguzzi
 istoria
• meore msoflio omis Semdeg, didi iyo mosaxleobis
survili SeecvalaT da SeeqmnaT axali, ukeTesi samyaro,
Tavisufali Cagvrisgan, rom gaeertianebinaT Zalebi da
sakuTari xeliT aeSenebina T skolebi TavianTi
bavSvebisaTvis. Magaluzis xelmZRvanelobiT
maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis jgufma Seqmnes adreuli
bavSvebis skolamdeli ganaTlebis centrebis sistema
patara qalaq rejio emiliaSi.

• jon diuis, Jan piaJes, vigotskis, gardneris, bruneris

ideebisa da midgomebis gavlenasTan erTad, rejio emilias
maswavleblebi ganicdiden Tavis Temze centrirebuli
kulturis gavlenasac. MXX saukunis 80-ian wlebSi
malaguzis meTodi ukve farTod iyo cnobili.
 bavSvze orientirebuli swavleba
• es midgoma Tavisi filosofiis centrSi ayenebs bavSvis bunebriv
ganviTarebas da axlo urTierTobebs. mas aqvs bavSvis unikaluri
xedva. am midgomis warmomadgenlebs swamT, rom bavSvebs
aqvT uflebebi da maT unda mieceT SesaZleblobebi ganaviTaron
Tavisi potenciali. bavSvi aseve ganixileba rogorc arseba, romelic
aqtiurad agebs Tavis codnas. es gulisxmobs mkvlevaris rols.

• swavlebis meTodebis umetesoba rejio emilias skolebSi aris

proeqtebi, sadac bavSvebs aqvT SesaZlebloba Seswavlis, kvlevis,
dakvirvebis, wamoyenebis, kiTxvebis, da diskusiebis rom
sicxade Seitanon Tavis codnaSi.

• bavSvebi aseve ganxilulia rogorc socialuri arsebebi da yuradReba

eqceva ufro bavSvis urTiertobebs sxva bavSvebTan, ojaxTan,
maswavleblebTan, TemTan, vidre izolirebulad TiToeul bavSvs.
 programis ZiriTadi principebi

• bavSvebs unda qondeT garkveuli kontroli Tavisi swavlaze

• bavSvebs unda SeeZloT iswavlon SexebiT, moZraobiT,

mosmeniT, yurebiT da sxva grZnobis organoebis
meSveobiT;

• bavSvebs aqvT urTierTobebi sxva bavSvebTan da

masalebTan da unda mivceT ufleba Seiswavlon samyaro.
bavSvebs unda qondeT ulevi gzebi da saSualebebi
gamoxaton sakuTari Tavi;

• maswavleblebma unda daarwmunon bavSvebi rom maTi

pativiscema aris mniSvnelovani, radgan yoveli maTgani
aris “kanonieri subieqti (“legal subject”) da jgufis wevri
 garemo

• fizikuri garemos organizacia Zalian mniSvnelovania programisTvis da

xSirad ganixileba rogorc bavSvis ”mesame maswavlebeli”. axali sivrcis
dagegmvis da Zvelis gadakeTebis ZiriTadi mizani aris integracia saklaso
oTaxis danarCen skolasTan, d skolisa - mis garSemo arsebul TemTan.
garemos mniSvneloba imaSia, rom bavSvebma Seiqmnan saukeTeso
warmodgena da SeigrZnon TavianTi samyaro garemos meSveobiT.

• baRebi, zogadad, savsea oTaxis mcenareebiT da ganaTebulia dRis

sinaTliT. oTaxebi gadis sabavSvo baRis moedanze (piacaze), samzareulo
Riaa da misawvdomia didi fanjrebis meSveobiT, Sidaezosa da karebebis
meSveobiT. Sesasvleli ipyrobs rogorc bavSvebis, aseve mozrdilebis
yuradRebas sarkeebiT (kedlebze, iatakze, Werze), fotoebiT, da bavSvebis
namuSevrebiT, romelsac erTvis maTi gamonaTqvamebi diskusiebis dros.
aseTivea saklaso oTaxebis interierebic, sadac aris proeqtebis
namuSevrebi mimobneuli napovni obieqtebis didi koleqciebiT da saklaso
masalebiT. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli informacias aZlevs da
CarTavs damTvalierebels.
• garemos sxva damxmare elementi moicavs farTo sivrces, xSirad
icvleba, rom miipyros/miizidos yuradReba Tavisi esTetikuri
maxasiaTeblebiT. TiToeul oTaxSi aris studio sivrce didi, centrSi
moTavsebuli atelies formiT da ufro patara mini-atelie da
garkveviT gamokveTili/organizebuli sivrceebiT didi da patara
jgufebis aqtivobebisaTvis. mTel skolaSi cdiloben Seqmnan
SesaZleblobebi bavSvebis interaqciisTvis.

• gasaxdeli aris centralur moedanze (piaca); klasebi

dakavSirebulia telefonebiT, derefnebiT an fanjrebiT, sasadilo da
saabazano oTaxebi isea mowyobili, rom waaxalison erToba.

• bavSvebis jgufi rCeba erT maswavlebelTan sami wlis manzilze,

iqmneba mudmivoba/simtkice da garemo, sadac ar aris axali
urTierTobebis formirebiT gamowveuli damatebiTi stresi.
 komunikacia

• termini “bavSvebis aTasi ena” gulisxmobs, rom bavSvebs Tavisi თavis

gamosაxatavad aqvT bevri gza. maswavleblebi aZleven bavSvebs
gansxvavebul gzebs azrovnebis, Seswavlis, konstruirebis, molaparakebis,
ganviTarebisa da Tavisi azrebisa da grZnobebis simboluri gamoxatvisTvis.
ufrosebis da bavSvebis mizania ukeT gaugon erTmaneTs.
• rodesac bavSvebi ikvleven, ayalibeben da amowmeben Tavis hipoTezebs,
maT waaxaliseben, rom gamoxaton/aRweron rogor gaiges mravali
simboluri eniT, romelSic Sedis xatva, Zerwva, dramatuli TamaSi da wera.
• isini erTad muSaoben im problemebis gadasawyvetad, romlebic Cndeba.
maswavleblebi axdenen fasilitacias da Semdeg akvirdebian debatebs imis
Sesaxeb ramdenad gamoxatavs bavSvis naxati an sxva forma reprezentaciis
maT ganzraxvas. naxatis (da ideebis) ganxilva waxalisdeba da
maswavleblebi nebas aZleven bavSvebs gaimeoron aqtivobebi da Secvalon
erTmaneTis namuSevari koleqtiuri miznisTvis, rom ukeT gaigon Tema.
• maswavleblebi xels uwyoben bavSvebis CarTvas Seswavlisa da Sefasebis
procesSi, aRiareben maTi namuSevrebis, rogorc urTierTgacvlis saSualebis,
mniSvnelobas.
 maswavleblis roli

• maswavlebeli ganixileba rogorc TanaSemswavleli da TanamSromeli

bavSvis da ara instruqtori. maswavleblebi axdenen fasilitacias bavSvis
swavlis aqtivobebisa da gakveTilebis dagegmviT, romlic efuZneba
bavSvis interesebs, usvamen kiTxvebs ukeT gagebisTvis da aqtiurad arian
CarTuli aqtivobebSi bavSvTan erTad, imis magivrad, rom gverdiT
miujden da mxolod daakvirden bavSvis swavlas. maswavlebeli aris
bavSvis partniori.

• maswavleblebis damoukideblobaze migvaniSnebs saxelmZRvaneloebis,

kurikulumis gzamkvlevebis an miRwevis testebis ararseboba.
maswavleblebi arian gavarjiSebuli damkvirveblebi bavSvebze, rom
moaxdinon kurikulumis dagegmva da implementacia.

• bavSvTan erTad proeqtebze muSaobisas, maswavlebels SeuZlia

asevegaafarTovos bavSvis codna monacemebis mogrovebiT, romlebic
SeiZleba ganixilon mogvianebiT. maswavlebels Wirdeba SeinarCunos
aqtiuri, mudmivi monawileoba aqtivobaSi rom daexmaros bavSvma
kargad gaigos ra “iswavla”.
 dokumentacia

• sxvadasxva mediis gamoyenebiT, maswavlebeli gulmodgine

yuradRebas aqcevs dokumentacias da bavSvebis azrovnebis
warmoCenas ufro metad, vidre msjelobas bavSvis Sesaxeb,
maswavlebeli gamoikvlevs da kargad usmens bavSvebs.

• dokumentaciis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos wigni an paneli bavSvis

sityvebiT, naxatebiT, fotoebiT. swavlis gaTvalsaCinoebiT
maswavleblebi asruleben ramdenime rames. maT unda
Seiswavlon moswavleTa azrebi da grZnobebi, rom gaigon
ramdenad kargad mixvdnen/iswavles.

• aseve, dokumentacia exmareba maswavlebels Seafasos

sakuTari samuSao da ganaaxlos kurikulumi saWiroebisamebr.
dabolos, es aZlevs informacias mSoblebs maTi bavSvis
შesaxeb, rodesac iqmneba arqivi klasis da skolis.
 mSoblebis CarTva

• bavSvebis ojaxebis mxardaWera ganixileba rogorc lokaluri Temis koleqtiuri

pasuxismgebloba. skolamdelTa programebi sasicocxlo nawilia Temis. ramdenadac
saWiroebs maRali donis finansur mxardaWeras. amisTvis aris moqalaqeTa sabWo,
skolis komiteti, romelic mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens saxelisuflebo politikaze.

• mSobeli ganixileba rogorc bavSvebis partniori, TanamSromeli da damcveli.

maswavleblebi pativs scemen mSoblebs rogorc bavSvis pirvel maswavlebels da
CarTaven mSobels kurikulumis yvela aspeqtSi. uCveulo ar aris mSobeli moxalise
klasSi an mTel skolaSi.

• es filosofia ar mTavrdeba roca bavSvi tovebs klass. mSoblebis umetesoba iRebs

bevr princips da iyenebs saxlSi. bevrs ainteresebs ra xdeba roca am baRidan bavSvi
sxva skolaSi gadadis. skolebis umetesobaSi inteleqtualuri cnobismoyvareoba
jildovdeba.

• mSoblebis roli asaxavs rogorc sarkeSi Temis rols, rogorc skolis, ise klasis doneze.
mSoblebi moelian rom monawileobas miiReben diskusiebSi skolis politikis
Sesaxeb, ganixilaven bavSvis ganviTarebas da kurikulumis dagegmvas da
Sefasebas. radgan mSoblebis umravlesoba muSaobs, Sexvedrebi tardeba saRamos,
rom visac surs yvelam miiRos monawileoba.
 Tematuri muSaoba

• kurikulumSi aisaxeba kvlevebi bavSvebze, rogoricaa realuri

cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadawyveta Tanatolebs Soris, uamravi
SesaZleblobebiT kreatiuli azrovnebisa da SeswavlisTvis.
maswavleblebi xSirad muSaoben proeqtebze mcire jgufebTan, maSin
roca danarCenebi bavSvebi CarTuli arian mravalgvar aqtivobaSi,
romelsac TviTon irCeven.

• proeqtebSi kvlevis Tema SeiZleba modiodes pirdapir maswavleblis

dakvirvebidan bavSvebis TamaSze da moqmedebebze. proeqtebis
ideebi aseve SeiZleba SeirCes akademiuri interesebidan an mSoblebis
da maswavleblebisgan, an gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebidan
romelmac miiqcia bavSvebis da maswavleblebis yuradReba.
warmatebuli proeqtebia isini, romlebic iwvevs did interess da aRZravs
kreatiul azrovnebas da problemis gadawyvetas. ramdenadac
kurikulmi efuZneba ganviTarebisa da sociokulturul mosazrebebs,
bavSvebis mcire jgufi sxvadasxva unarebiT da interesebiT, spcialuri
saWiroebebis CaTvliT, muSaoben erTad proeqtebze..
 Tematuri muSaoba

• proeqti iwyeba maswavleblis dakvirvebiT da bavSvebis

gamokiTxviT ra Tema ainteresebT. bavSvebis pasuxebis
safuZvelze maswavleblebi acnoben masalebs, svamen
kiTxvebs, uCveneben SesaZleblobebs da ubiZgeben
bavSvebs gamoikvlion Tema. proeqtebi xSirad midis
moulodneli mimarTulebiT.

• kurikulumis dagegmva da implementacia trialebs Ria

daboloebian da xSirad xangrZlivi proeqtebis garSemo.
yvela proeqti interesebi modis bavSvebisgan. proeqtul
midgomaSi bavSvebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba
daakavSiron Zveli codna axal codnasTan roca CarTuli
arian avTentur davalebebSi.
midgomebis Sedareba
 montesoris skola
ZiriTadi komponentebi

socialuri:
• kavSiri ojaxsa da skolas Soris aris mniSvnelovani
• jgufSi sxvadasxva asakis bavSvebia, rac met
SesaZleblobas aZlevs bavSvebs iswavlon
erTmaneTisgan
• bavSvebi ufro kargad swavloben keTebiT
• bavSvebma ukeT rom isavlon, maswavlebeli ki ar
eubneba, aramed Cumad aCvenebs rogor
SeiZleba gamoiyeno saswavlo masalebi
• amis Semdeg SeuZliaT imuSaon damoukideblad,
rac afarTovebs maT samyaros
 High/scope approuch
ZiriTadi komponentebi:

socialuri
• bavSvebs waaxaliseben iyon aqtiurebi swavlaSi mozrdilebTan
interaqciis daxmarebiT
• aq moiazreba dro sxvadasxva gamocdilebis jgufebisTvis klasSi. aris
specialuri periodebi yoveldRe mcire jgufebisTvis, didi jgufebisTvis da
bavSvebis damoukidebeli TamaSisTvis saswavlo centrebSi mTel oTaxSi
• bavSvebs waaxaliseben gauziaron Tavisi fiqrebi/azrebi maswavleblebs
da Tanatolebs
• waxalisebulia socialuri interaqcia klasSi. maswavleblebi axdenen
problemebis gadaWris fasilitacias roca konfliqtebi Cndeba
• roca bavSvi laparakobs, maswavlebeli usmens da Ria kiTxvebs usvams;
Ria kiTxvebiT ufro waaxaliseben bavSvebs gamoxaton Tavisi azrebi da
iyon kreatiulebi, vidre daxuruli kiTxvebi. romlebic iTxoven martiv
pasuxs an ki/ara-s
• maswavlebeli yoveldRe akvirdeba da iniSnavs ras akeTeben bavSvebi.
wlis bolos avsebs dakvirvebis angariSs yoveldRiuri dakvirvebis
Segrovebis safuZvelze.
 Reggio Emilia Approach
ZiriTadi komponentebi

socialuri
• kooperacia da kolaboracia aris cnebebi, romlebic xazs usvamen
socialuri daswavlis Rirebulebas. erTi, rom bavSvebi unda gaxdnen
erTobis wevrebi, rac niSnavs muSaobas erTad (kooperacia). roca
Camoyalibdeba ndoba bavSvebsa da mozrdilebs Soris,
konstruqciuli konfliqti SeiZleba daexmaros axal insaitebs
(kolaboracia)
• ko-konstruqtivizmi eyrdnoba faqts, rom gamocdilebis azri aigeba
socialur konteqstSi
• “atelierista” aris maswavlebeli, romelic specialurad aris
momzadebuli da xels uwyobs kurikulumis ganviTarebas. rejio-
emilias yvela baRSi aris atelierista
• “pedagogista” aris ganaTlebis konsultantebi romlebic cdiloben
implementacias am filosofiis da surT dainaxon bavSvebi rogorc
kompetenturi da unariani adamianebi. aseve qmnian kavSirebs
ojaxs, skolas da sazogadoebas (Temi) Soris.
 montesoris skola
kurikulumi
• sensoruli swavleba. bavSvebi swavloben SexebiT, yurebiT,
ynosviT, gemos gagebiT, da kvleviT ufro mets, vidre
mosmeniT
• bavSvis muSaobas unda qondes mizani. saqmis dasruleba
Zalian Rirebulia. es gamoiyeneba rogorc praqtikul
cxovrebaSi, ise metyvelebaSi
• ZiriTadi masalebi klasSi aris “didaqtikuri”. es masalebi
moicavs sensorul gamocdilebas da TviT-koreqcias. montesoris
masalebi aris esTetiurad mimzidveli da Seqmna rom
organizebis unaris ganviTarebaSi daxmareboda bavSvebs.
• SeiZleba sam fazad davyoT montesoris skolis kurikulumi:
varjiSi praqtikuli cxovrebisTvis, sensoruli ganaTleba da
metyvelebis aqtivobebi.
 High/scope approuch
kurikulumi

• sakvanZo gamocdilebebi
• kreatiuli reprezentacia
• klasifikacia
• seriacia
• metyveleba da wigniereba
• iniciativa da socialuri kavSirebi
• ricxvi
• moZraoba
• samyaro
• musika
• dros
• dagegme-gaakeTe-ganixile”:
• dagegme sad ginda muSaoba
• gaakeTe
• ganixile TanatolebTan am periodSi ras akeTebden
• dalageba masalebis Tavis adgilas warwerebis/iarliyebis mixedviT bavSvebs kontrolis
grZnobas uviTarebs.
• klasSi aris Sesaferisi rutina. es exmareba bavSvebs mixvdnen ra iqneba mere da
waaxalisebs metad akontrolon sakuTari qmedebebi.
– dagegme-gaakeTe-ganixile Seiqmna imisTvis, rom TamaSi gamxdariyo azriani.
 Reggio Emilia Approach
kurikulumi
• dokumentacia. fiqsirdeba ramdenad xdeba garemos miznobrivi gamoyeneba,
rom Candes proeqtebis istoria da saskolo erToba. is xSirad Sedgeba konkretuli
magaliTebisagan rogorc procesebis, ise Sedegebis da aris nawili bavSvis
ganaTlebis.
• ko-konstruqtivizmi zrdis codnis dones. es xdeba roca aqtiuri swavla xdeba
sxvebTan erTad muSaobisas (magaliTad, aris SesaZlebloba diskusiis, kiTxvebis
dasmis da kvlevis), radgan unda auxsna ideebi sxvebs, es axarisxebs ideebs.
konfliqtebi da kiTxvebi ayalibebs met kavSirebs da iwvevs codnis/Tvalsawieris
gafarToebas. ko-konstruqtivizmis fasilitaciisas maswavlebels Wirdeba
“agresiuli mosmena” da kolaboraciis daCqareba erTobis yvela wevrs Soris,
ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia. namdvil swavlas adgili aqvs roca isini iweren da
afaseben mimdinare procesebs da bavSvis unarebis ganviTarebas.
• xangrZlivi proeqtebi aris kvlevebi, sadac maswavlebeli da moswavle erTad
muSaoben.
• aris organizebuli sistema Canawerebis, kurikulumis dagegmvis da Sefasebis
• portfolio aris bavSvis namuSevrebis koleqcia, rac gviCvenebs bavSvis
mcdelobas, progress da miRwevebs
 montesoris skola
garemo
• garemo SeiZleba movamzadoT didaqtikuri masalebis meSveobiT
• garemo komfortuli unda iyos bavSvisTvis (magaliTad, aveji unda iyos
bavSvis zomis da msubuqi)
• garemo unda gavdes saxls, ase bavSvi SeZlebs iswavlos praqtikuli
moqmedebebi. magaliTad, SeiZleba iyos adgili, sadac iswavlis xelis
dabanas, saWmlis momzadebas da sxv.
• maria montesoris swamda. rom mSveniereba exmareba koncentracias.
amitom garemo unda iyos esTetiurad sasiamovno
• yvela bavSvs unda qondes Tavisi adgili
• ra aris unikaluri am modelSi
• garemo momzadebulia masalebiT samuSaod da ara TamaSisaTvis.
montesoris meTodi exmareba bavSvs organizebaSi, amdenad TamaSi da
SesaZlebloba iswavlo kreatiulad Secdomebidan nakleb mosalodnelia aseT
klasSi. montesori eTanxmeboda piaJes, rom bavSvi Secdomebze
swavlobs, Tumca montesoris klasSi mecdomebis kontroli xdeba
didaqtikuri masalebiT, da ara ufrosis mier SesworebiT an miTiTebiT.
 High/scope approuch

garemos mowyoba
• es aris masalebiT mdidari saswavlo garemo. Cveulebriv, masalebis adgili aris
warwerebiT aRniSnuli, rom daexmaros bavSvs iwavlos organizaciuli
Cvevebi

• masalebi isea ganlagebuli, rom bavSvebisTvis advilad misawvdomia, es

waaxalisebs aqtiur kvlevas

• maswavleblebi awyoben klasSi miznobriv areebs (centrebs) sxvadasxva

aqtivobebisTvis, raTa bavSvebma daamyaron socialuri kavSirebi,
unilkaluroba

• maswavleblebs, romlebisTvisac ucxoa es midgoma/kurikulumi, zogjer uWirT

Tavisi rolis danaxva. zogjer aqtivobebis ganrigi kedelze aris, magram dRis
didi nawili midis maswavleblis direqtivebiT SerCeuli aqtivobebiT. ufro
metic, maswavleblebi pasiuroben da fasilitatorebi ar arian bavSvebis
TamaSisas. maswavlebeli unda iyos aqtiuri damkvirvebeli da Seqmnas
problemebis gadawyvetis situaciebi bavSvebisTvis.
 Reggio Emilia Approach
garemos mowyoba
• garemos mowyoba iseTivea rogorc montesoris skolebSi.
garemos “mesame maswavlebels” eZaxian

• montesoris msgavsad swamT, rom silamaze exmareba

koncentracias. mowyoba esTetiuria, lamazi

• Seqmnilia saxlis magvari garemo. saxlismagvari atmosfero

iqmneba, rom bavSvebma komfortulad igrZnon Tavi

• yvela bavSvs aqvs adgili

• dokumentacia aris mTavari