USING THE COMPUTER &

MANAGING FILE
1 Chathura Abeysekara
Technical Collage | Hasalaka
GETTING START COMPUTER
 The first thing you will need to know is how to start your
computer up. To do this follow the instructions below:
 Make sure the power point at the wall, where the computer is
plugged in, is on.
 Push the power button on the front of the machine. You will
see some lights near the power button come on, these are the
lights to show you that the computer is running.
 Check that the monitor is turned on (a green light will show
on the monitor). If the monitor is not on, push in the power
button on the monitor.

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GETTING START COMPUTER

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GETTING START COMPUTER
 Logging on
 When your computer has powered up, you will see
instructions to PRESS CTRL+ALT+DELETE to begin.
 CTRL key, and an ALT key. On the right hand side of the
keyboard you will see a row of keys between the numeric
keypad and the letters; this is where the DELETE key is
located.


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LOGGING ON WINDOWS

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LOGGING ON WINDOWS
 Press the CTRL and ALT keys together with the left hand
and press the DEL key with the right hand.
 Once you have done this you will see a window like the
one below which will prompt you to enter your
USERNAME and PASSWORD into the correct areas.
 when you have entered your details, click on the arrow
button or press ENTER on the keyboard.

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7
USE GOOD PASSWORD
 Good Password Practices As you learnt previously in your
IT Induction,
 your password needs changing every 60 days.

 Your password must

 be between 6 and 8 characters in length (inclusive)
 be easy to remember
 not be your first name, surname or login name (with or without
a number at the beginning or end)
 not be a single real word eg book (with or without a number at
the beginning or end
 not be a similar format / theme / trend to your current password
 not be "qwerty" or something similar, as it is amongst a
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hacker's favorite first attempts.
WINDOWS XP DESKTOP

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WINDOWS 7 DESKTOP

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WINDOWS 10 DESKTOP

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START BUTTON
 The Start button allows users to access their computer
programs or configure Microsoft Windows easily.

Windows XP Windows 7 Windows 10 12

HOW TO OPEN START MENU
 Clicking the Start button opens the Start Menu
 The Start button can also be activated using the
Windows key or by pressing Ctrl+Esc on the keyboard.
 that gives you access all the programs installed on the
computer and other Windows features.

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SHUT DOWN/RESTART MY COMPUTER
 To shut down or power off a computer is to remove
power from a computer's main components in a
controlled way.
 Restarting your computer is necessary for many
common tasks, including installing new software and
performing Windows Updates.
 Standby or Sleep mode, your computer consumes less
electricity, but ready for immediate use.
 Short Cut for Shutdown ALT+F4

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SHUTDOWN, RESTART & STANDBY
 Click Start Button
 Click Turn off computer. The turn off computer dialog
box will appear
 Click Shutdown or Restart or Standby icon

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WINDOWS XP

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WINDOWS 7

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WINDOWS 10

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START PROGRAM
 Click Start Button
 Highlight programs. The program menu will appear.

 Move to the program menu and highlight the program

you want to start.
 Click program name to start the program.

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OPEN PROGRAM IN WINDOWS XP

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Click Start All Programs

OPEN PROGRAM IN WINDOWS 7

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Click Start All Programs

OPEN PROGRAM IN WINDOW 10

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Click Start All Apps

CUSTOMIZE START MANU ITEM
 Right Click on Task Bar
 Click Properties/Setting in that menu

 Select Start Menu tab

 Click the customize Button

 Type the path to the item you want to add or use browse
to navigate to the item.
 Click ok

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CUSTOMIZE START MENU ITEM

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ADD PROGRAM TO START MENU
 Click Start Button
 Search Program Name in Search box

 and Right click on Program Icon, A context menu will

appear.
 Select pin to start

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ADD PROGRAM TO START MENU

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REMOVE PROGRAM FROM START MENU
 Click Start button
 Right click on the unwanted program icon, A context
menu will appear.
 Select Unpin to Start

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REMOVE PROGRAM FROM START MENU

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CHANGE TASKBAR IN WINDOWS 7
 Right Click on the Task bar, a context menu will appear.
 Click properties in this menu. A dialog box will appear

 After you can change

 Lock the task bar
 Auto hide the taskbar
 Change taskbar location
 Change taskbar icon size
 Change notification area etc.

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CHANGE TASKBAR

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CUSTOMIZE NOTIFICATION AREA
 Click show hidden icon button in Notification Area
 Click Customize link

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CUSTOMIZE NOTIFICATION AREA

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CHANGE DATE AND TIME
 Click on the clock to see a new popup window
 To change the settings for the clock, the date, and the
time, click on "Change date and time settings".

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CHANGE DATE AND TIME

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CHANGE DATE AND TIME
 If you want more than one time zone to appear, click
the" Additional Clocks" tab at the top of the Date and
Time dialogue box:

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ADD ITEM FOR QUICK ACCESS TOOL
 Drag program icon to task bar and Drop it
 Right click program icon, A menu will appear after click
pin to taskbar
 Right click on Opened program icon on the taskbar and
select pin this program for taskbar
 Unwanted program on the task bar you can remove it,
 Right Click on pined program
 Select unpin this program from taskbar

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TOOLBARS
 You can add Toolbars to your taskbar area. A toolbar is a
list of shortcuts to favourite areas of your computers.
 Right click the Taskbar to see the following menu:

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CREATING NEW TOOLBARS
 At the bottom of the toolbar menu there is an item for "New
toolbar". This allows you to create a toolbar of your very
own:

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USER ACCOUNTS IN WINDOWS 7
 To create a new account, click your picture on the Start
menu:
 This will open up the following screen:

 Click on the link that says "Manage another account"

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CREATE USER ACCOUNT

 Click on the link that says "Manage another account"

and you'll see this screen:

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CREATE USE ACCOUNT
 So to create a new account, click on the link "Create a
new account", which is circled in red above. You'll then
see a new screen:

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CREATE USE ACCOUNT
 Type a name for the account in the text box. (We'd just
called ours User2.) Keep it on the default
option, Standard user. Then click the Create
Account button at the bottom. You'll then be taken back
to the account page:

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CREATE USE ACCOUNT
 As you can see the new account is created, along with a
random picture (a balloon, in this case).
The Owner account will still be selected, however. Click
on your new account and you'll be able to change some
settings for it: (password, Account Type, Picture, etc.…)

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PARENTAL CONTROLS IN WINDOWS 7
 When the User Accounts screen appears, click the link in
the bottom left that says "Parental Controls", circled in
red in the image below:

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PARENTAL CONTROLS IN WINDOWS 7

 This will take you to a screen

showing all the user accounts
available:
 Click on the account you'd like to
change, which is User2 in our case.

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PARENTAL CONTROLS IN WINDOWS 7
 Select the option at the top for "On, enforce current settings".
The three options below that will then become available
 Time limits 
 Games options
 Allow and block specific programs

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CONTROL PANEL

 The Control Panel in Windows is a collection of applets,

sort of like tiny programs,
 that can be used to configure various aspects of the
operating system.
 Open Control Panel in Windows 7
 Click the Start button 
 Click Control Panel from the list in the right margin.

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CONTROL PANEL

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CONTROL PANEL APPLETS
 Accessibility options (ease of Access)
 Allows users to configure the accessibility of their PC. It
comprises various settings primarily aimed at users with
disabilities or hardware problems.
 Add New Hardware (Hardware and Sound)
 Launches a wizard which allows users to add new hardware
devices to the system. This can be done by selecting from a list
of devices or by specifying the location of the driver
installation files.
 Administrative Tools (System and Security)
 Contains tools for system administration, including security,
performance and service configuration. These are links to
various configurations of the Microsoft Management Console.
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CONTROL PANEL APPLETS
 Add or Remove Programs
 The Add/Remove Programs dialog allows the user to
manipulate software installed on the system in a number of
ways.
 Allows users to uninstall and change existing software packages.
 Allows users to manually install software from a CD-ROM or 

Floppy Disk, and etc.

 Allows users to change which Windows components are installed

(Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger)

 allows users to specify the default applications for certain tasks

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CONTROL PANEL APPLETS
 Automatic Updates
 Date and Time
 Allows user to change the date and time stored in the
machine's BIOS, change the time zone and specify whether to
synchronize the date and time with an Internet Time Server
and which server to use.
 Display (Appearance & Personalization)
 Allowsthe user to change the display characteristics of their
computer.
 change the desktop background (wallpaper)
 change or disable the screensaver.

 specify the color styles of all elements within the system

 Allows the user to change the screen resolution and color quality

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CONTROL PANEL APPLETS
 Network and Internet Connections
 Displays and allows the user to edit or create network
connections such as Local Area Networks (LAN) and internet
connections. It also offers troubleshooting functions in case
the computer has to be reconnected to the network.
 User Accounts
 Allows the user to configure their account and other accounts
used in the system

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CHANGE WALLPAPER/SCREEN SERVER/
COLOR AND SOUND
 Right-click a blank part of the desktop and choose
Personalize.

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ADD WALLPAPER
 Click the Desktop Background option along the
window’s bottom left corner.

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ADD WALLPAPER
 Click any of the pictures, and Windows 7 quickly places it onto
your desktop’s background
 Click the Browse button and click a file from inside your
personal Pictures folder
 Adjust the way the picture looks using the Picture Position
option. Fill and Fit options for enlarging small photos
 Click Save Changes and exit the Desktop Background window
when you’re satisfied with your choices.

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FOR QUICK WALLPAPER CHANGE
 Right-click any photo in your Pictures folder and choose Set as
Desktop Background.

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ADD SCREEN SERVER
 Open the Control Panel.
 In the Control Panel window, click Appearance and
Personalization.
 Under Personalization click Change screen saver.
 In the window that opens (shown below), under the Screen saver
section, click the down arrow on the right side of the first box.

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ADD SCREEN SERVER

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SHOW SYSTEM INFORMATION

 Type "System Information" in Start Menu search box,

and select "System Information" from Start Menu search
results.
 Type “dxdiag” in Start menu search box and Select
DXDIAG.
 Right Click on Computer (File Explore) and select
Properties in the menu

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SYSTEM INFORMATION

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SYSTEM INFORMATION

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FILE/FOLDER MANAGEMENT

 File Management is the most important task in Windows

Vista/7.
 Windows Explorer is an application that provides detailed
information about your files, folders, and drives.
 You can use it to see how your files are organized and to
copy, move, and rename files, as well as perform other tasks
pertaining to files, folders, and drives.
 Window Explorer comes in different forms. When we click
Computer, Document and Pictures, these are all examples of
Windows Explorer. All Drives, Folders and Files are
represented in a Windows Explorer windows.
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DRIVE, FOLDER AND FILES

 When you create a new file from a program application

if must be saved so that you can work on it at a later
time.
 The first type your save a file, the default is a Save As
dialog box. This give you the opportunity to give the
new file a name. For further organization, you must
save the file to a newly created folder or default folder.
 All files that you store on the hard drive (C:) are store in
a folder.

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FILE SYSTEM (DRIVERS)

 Every Computer has a File System used to keep track of the

files on that machine
 File Systems are based on Physical Storage Devices, known
as Drives
 Drives can be local or remote (network or cloud)

 Click on “My Computer” to see a list of drives (on a

Windows machine)

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 FILE SYSTEMS – DRIVES

 Typical Drives
 A: or B:  Floppy Disk
 C:  Local Hard Drive
 D:  CD Drive
 E-Z for removable drives like memory sticks
 About any letter for a partition of a device
 WATCH OUT for the D drive on lab machines! It is another
hard drive that is not erased when you log out! Do not leave
your work on there!

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FILE SYSTEMS – PARTITIONS
 Note that a “partition” is not a physical device, although it
looks like one to the OS.
 Why have a partition? At one point Windows could only
handle devices of a certain size. If your hard drive was
larger than that size, you could not access the entire device.
Partitions fool the OS into thinking that one device is two
(or more!) devices, each with their own letter and file
system
 You will find disks partitioned even today, when some space
is used for a specific need, like a backup
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PARTITIONS

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FILE DIRECTORIES AND FOLDERS
 Every storage device has a directory containing a list of
its files
 Root directory (like “C:\”)
 Subdirectory
 Depicted as folders
 A computer’s file location is defined by a file
specification, or path
 Examples: D:\ is the root of the D drive

 Examples: C:\Program Files\Madura\notes.txt

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FILE MANAGEMENT
 The operating system provides an organizational
structure to the computer’s data and programs
 Hierarchical structure of directories:

 Drives
 Folders
 and more Folders …

Files

 Storage metaphors help you visualize and

mentally organize the files on your disks and
other storage devices 69
FILE

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 FILENAME EXTENSIONS

Extension Type of Document Application
.doc or .docx Word processing document Microsoft Word

.xls or .xlsx Workbook Microsoft Excel

.ppt or .pptx PowerPoint presentation MS PowerPoint
.accdb Database Microsoft Access
.gif, .jpg, .png Images Windows Image
Viewer
.mp4, .mp3 Videos, audio Windows Media
.zip Compressed file WinZip
.pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat

.htm or .html Web page Hypertext Markup

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Language
FILE MANAGEMENT METAPHORS

 Tree Metaphor
 Root, branches, leaves

 Filing Cabinet Metaphor

 Drivers, Folders, Files

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OPEN FILE EXPLORER IN WINDOWS

 Press Win+E On Your Keyboard

 On the Windows  Start screen type the words windows
explore or file explorer and, when the search results are
displayed, press Enter on your keyboard or click or tap
the Computer result.
 Use The File Explorer Shortcut On The Taskbar.

 Create A Shortcut And Pin It To The Desktop Or The

Start Screen.

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FOLDER HIERARCHY IN WINDOWS
7/VISTA

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FOLDER HIERARCHY PERSONAL
FOLDER

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VISTA/7 ORGANIZE MENU
 Most file management functions can be performed using the
Organize Button.
 If you still wish to you this menu you can turn if on under
Organize>Layout or just press Alt to turn if on temporarily.

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VISTA/7 ORGANIZE MENU

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 CREATE NEW FOLDER

 In order to organize all of your file, you first need to create folder
and sub-folders
 Method 1 :File Menu
 Navigate to the destination folder and go to
file menu >New >New Folder
 Method 2 : Organize Menu
 Navigateto the destination and go to the
Organize > New Folder
 Method 3 : Tool Bar
 Navigate to the destination and go to the new Folder
 Method 4 : Right Click
 Rightclick on selected item and select new. On the cascading menu 78
mouse over the folder and click it.
RENAME A FOLDER

 When you first create a new folder, you have that

opportunity to name it. It you miss that, or you
misnamed it you can rename it at any time.
 Method 1 : Select the source item and go to the File
Menu > Rename.
 Method 2 : Select the source item and go to the
Organize>Rename
 Method 3 : Right click on the selected item and select
Rename..
 Method 4 : Select the source item and press F2
Function key
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DELETE A FOLDER

 You can delete a folder at any time. Please note that

every subfolder and files will also be deleted
 Method 1 : Select the source item and go to the File
Menu > Delete
 Method 2 : Select the source item and go to the
Organize > Delete
 Method 3 : Right click on the selected item and select
Delete.
 Method 4 : Select the source item and press Delete key
in your key board.
 Method 5 Select the source item and press Shift+Delete
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Key for Permanently delete
RESTORE DELETED FILE FROM RECYCLE
BIN

 Open Recycle Bin (Double Clicking Recycle Bin on the

desktop).
 Locate & then select whatever file/s or Folder/s you need to
restore.
 Right Click or tab and hold on the selection and then choose
restore.
 The recycle bin will then restore the deleted files to their
original location.

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 COPY, CUT & PASTE
 To Copy is to store in the clipboard a copy of a file, folder, text,
program icon or image that has been selected in an
application/program/open window or desktop. The original file,
folder, text, program icon or image is not moved from it's
original location.
 To Cut is the same as Copy but the original file, folder, text,
program icon or image is removed from it's original location.
 To Paste is to place Copied or Cut items stored in the clipboard
into new locations.
 Items need to be highlighted or selected to perform copy and cut.

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COPY, CUT & PASTE

 Select file folder

 Right Click on Selected File/s or folder/s and click copy
or cut
 To Paste is to place Copied or Cut items stored in the
clipboard into new locations.

 Short cut
 Copy ctrl+C
 Cut ctrl+X
 Paste ctrl+V
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HIDE FOLDERS

 Open File Explorer (any folder) and go to Tools >

Folder options…
 Within Folder Options switch to the View tab.

 Under Files and Folders find the option Hidden files

and folders and select Don’t show hidden files,
folders, or drives.
 Click OK and, with the next few steps, proceed to hiding
a folder.

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HIDE FOLDER

 Right-click the folder you want to hide and select Properties.

 In the General tab check the option called Hidden.

 Go to Advanced… to change Archive and Index attributes;

you might want to block indexing of the folder contents.
 Click OK to save your changes.

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MAKE FOLDERS INVISIBLE

 Right-click your folder and select Properties.

 Switch to the Customize tab and click the Change
Icon… button.
 Several blank icons can be found in the default
Windows 7 icon collection. Find one, select it and
click OK.

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89
HIDE THE FOLDER NAME:

 Select the questionable folder and click F2.

 Then hold the ALT key while typing the
numbers 0160 using the number pad.
 Hit Enter and the folder name should be gone.

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FILE AND FOLDER ARRANGEMENT

 how to change and organize the file and folder

arrangements in a opened folder using Arrange by, Sort
by, or Group by folder views in Windows 7.
 Step 1 : Open the Windows Explorer folder

 Step 2 :  Click on the View menu bar item and select

either the Sort By or Group by arrangement options.

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SORT & GROUP

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CHANGE FOLDER OPTION

 Open File Explore

 Click the Tool Menu in File Explorer and then click
the Folder Options button

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ZIP AND UNZIP FILES
(COMPRESSED & EXTRACT)
 Zipped (compressed) files take up less storage space and
can be transferred to other computers more quickly than
uncompressed files. In Windows, you work with zipped
files and folders in the same way that you work with
uncompressed files and folders. Combine several files
into a single zipped folder to more easily share a group
of files.

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ZIP AND UNZIP FILES
(COMPRESSED & EXTRACT)
 Locate the file or folder that you want to zip.
 Press and hold (or right-click) the file or folder, select (or
point to) Send to, and then select Compressed (zipped)
folder.
 A new zipped folder with the same name is created in the
same location. To rename it, press and hold (or right-
click) the folder, select Rename, and then type the new
name.

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ZIP (COMPRESSED)

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TO UNZIP (EXTRACT) FILES OR
FOLDERS FROM A ZIPPED FOLDER
 Locate the zipped folder that you want to unzip (extract)
files or folders from.
 Do one of the following:
 To unzip a single file or folder, open the zipped folder, then
drag the file or folder from the zipped folder to a new
location.
 To unzip all the contents of the zipped folder, press and hold
(or right-click) the folder, select Extract All, and then follow
the instructions.

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UNZIP (EXTRACT)

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COMPRESSED SOFTWARE LIST
 WinZip
 WinRar

 7Zip

 Hamster Zip Archiver

 Compressor

 Gzip

 PeaZip

 Archive Utility

 KGB Archiver

 bzip2
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