2004 Kill Survey - NRS 100

% I Would Kill It! 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Taxonomic Group/Species 5. Dog 6. Cat 2. Eagle 3. Cow 1. Human 4. Fur Seal 7. Mink (wild) % Other Could Kill It!

16. Virus 14. Plants 11. Snake 13. Planaria 15. Bacteria 9. Urban Rat 10. Field Mouse 12. Earthworm

8. Mink (from mink farm) Percent

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

THE ETHICS OF RESPECT FOR NATURE

I. HUMAN-CENTERED AND LIFE-CENTERED SYSTEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS II. THE GOOD OF A BEING AND THE CONCEPT OF INHERENT WORTH III. THE ATTITUDE OF RESPECT FOR NATURE IV. THE JUSTIFIABILITY OF THE ATTITUDE OF RESPECT FOR NATURE V. THE BIOCENTRIC OUTLOOK ON NATURE VI. HUMANS AS MEMBERS OF THE EARTHS COMMUNITY OF LIFE VII. THE NATURAL WORLD AS AN ORGANIC SYSTEM VIII. INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS AS TELEOLOGICAL CENTERS OF LIFE IX. THE DENIAL OF HUMAN SUPERIORITY X. MORAL RIGHTS AND THE MATTER OF COMPETING RIGHTS

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Spectrum of Morality

Immoral Behavior

Moral Behavior

murder perjury suicide child abuse

execution white lies killing in a just war

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Ethics

Ethical Behavior

Unethical Behavior

honesty truthfulness concern for others hard work

stealing lying killing cheating laziness

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Ethics

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that tries to define what is fundamentally right and wrong, regardless of cultural differences.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Morals

Morals differ somewhat from ethics in that they reflect the predominant attitudes and feeling of a culture about ethical issues.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Thoughts on Nonhuman Life

Whenever I injure life of any kind I must be quite clear as to whether this is necessary or not. I ought never to pass the limits of the unavoidable, even in apparently insignificant cases. The countryman who has mowed down a thousand blossoms in his meadow as fodder for his cows should take care that on the way home he does not, in wanton pastime, switch off the head of a single flower growing on the edge of the road, for in so doing he injures life without being forced to do so by necessity. Albert Schweitzer

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Animal Rights Goals

Total abolition of the use of animals in science Total dissolution of commercial animal agriculture Total elimination of commercial and sport hunting and trapping

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Animal Liberation
we require now to extend the great principles of liberty, equality and fraternity over the lives of animals. Let animal slavery join human slavery in the graveyard of the past. Patrick Corbett, Professor of Philosophy at Sussex University

12/09/04 NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Animal Liberation

The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the hand of tyranny. It may one day be recognized that the number of legs, the villosity of the skin, or the termination of the os sacrum are reasons equally insufficient for adandoning a sensitive being to the same fate.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Animal Liberation

What else is the insuperable line? Is it the faculty of reason? But a full-grown horse or dog is beyond comparison a more rational, as well as more conversable animal, than an infant of a day, a week, or even a month old. But suppose they were otherwise, what would it avail? The question is not, Can they reason? nor Can they talk? The question is Can they suffer? Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) English philosopher and political radical
NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

12/09/04

Ecoterrorism

The term "eco-terrorism" (or ecoterrorism) refers to two different kinds of terrorism:

(1) terrorism intended to hinder activities considered harmful to the environment, and (2) terrorism intended to damage the environment of an enemy.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Violence

Ron Arnold, a leader of the anti-environmental "Wise Use" movement, argues for a broad definition of eco-terrorism that includes almost every crime committed on behalf of the environment, even acts of civil disobedience. Many environmentalists, however, passionately disagree with this usage, preferring to distinguish between "ecosabotage" (an assault on inanimate objects) and terrorism (an assault on living things). The environmentalist David Brower, for instance, has argued that the real terrorists are those who pollute and despoil the earth, not those who seek to protect it.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

1970s, 80s, & 90s Ecoterrorism

Began after first Earth Day - 1970 "Arizona Phantom" tore up railroad tracks and disabled equipment in an attempt to stop construction of a coal mine in the desert highlands. "Eco-Raiders" burned billboards, disabled bulldozers, and vandalized development projects in and around Tucson, causing over half a million dollars of damage - a group of college students.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

1970s, 80s, & 90s Ecoterrorism

Illinois, a man going by the name of "The Fox" plugged drainage pipes, capped factory smokestacks, and dumped industrial waste from a U.S. Steel plant into the office of the company's chief executive. Stan Pollock - Billboard Bandits - Michigan "Bolt Weevils" disabled 14 electrical towers that were part of a high-voltage power line being built across the prairie in Minnesota.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

1971 - Greenpeace was founded! Several Books Published: The Anarchist Cookbook (1971), by William Powell; Ecotage! (1972), edited by Sam Love and David Obst; and The Monkey Wrench Gang (1976)

1970s, 80s, & 90s Ecoterrorism

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

1970s, 80s, & 90s Ecoterrorism

1973 - Arne Naess (Norwegian) Deep Ecology

the idea of "Self-realization," in which the "Self" is understood to include not just the individual consciousness, but all of human and non-human nature. Some environmentalists, therefore, argue that eco-sabotage cannot be labeled terrorism, because from this perspective it is actually an act of self-defense. Foreman edited the first of several editions of Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching, which contained instructions for such actions as how to spike trees, close roads, and burn machinery. monkeywrenching was estimated to be costing business and industry from $20 to $25 million a year, had spawned federal legislation against tree-spiking - caught the attention of the FBI, Scotland Yard, etc.
NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

1980 - Earth First! Founded by David Foreman

12/09/04

Modern Ecoterrorism

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 1977 - www.seashepherd.org Earth First!

www.earthfirst.org

Greenpeace
www.greenpeace.org

Ecofeminism
NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

www.ecofeminism.net
12/09/04

Ecofeminism
Ecofeminism is the social movement that regards the oppression of women and nature as interconnected. It is one of the few movements and analyses that actually connects two movements. More recently, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to consider the interconnections between sexism, the domination of nature (including animals), and also racism and social inequalities. Consequently it is now better understood as a movement working against the interconnected oppressions of gender, race, class and nature. www.ecofeminism.net and www.ecofem.org

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Monkeywrenching
This book is dedicated to Edward Abbey 1927-1989 John Zaelit (Mr. Goodwrench) 1954-1986 Bill Turk (The Mad Engineer) 1953-1992

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Modern Billboard Bandits

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Modern Billboard Bandits

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Modern Billboard Bandits

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Modern Billboard Bandits

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Modern Billboard Bandits

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Recent Ecoterrorism

FBI Investigating Arson; Ecoterrorism Possible Motive

Destroys 41 Homes, Amounting To $10 Million In Damage, Indian Head, MD - Dec. 7, 2004

The Sierra Club called the development "quintessential sprawl" in its Fall 2000 sprawl report, noting it is far from existing infrastructure and "threatens a fragile wetland and important historical sites near the Chesapeake Bay."

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Recent Ecoterrorism

Prosecution finishes in ecoterrorism trial, Tuesday, November 16, 2004

LOS ANGELES -- The prosecution rested Tuesday in the ecoterrorism trial of Caltech graduate student Billy Cottrell, closing with DNA evidence linking Cottrell to a headband found at the arson scene. Several hairs were found on the headband, which was discovered at the Clippinger Hummer dealership soon after the $2.5 million arson fire there on Aug. 22, 2003. Earthfirst!, ELF, or ALF?

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics

Environmental Bill of Rights

In 1987, the National Wildlife Federation made a resolution calling for the U.S. Constitution to include an Environmental Bill of Rights

The people have the right to clean air, pure water, productive soils, and to the conservation of the natural, scenic, historic, recreational, esthetic, and economic values of the environment. Americas natural resources are the common property of all people, including generations yet to come. As trustees of these resources, the United States Government shall conserve and maintain them for the benefit of all people.

12/09/04

NRS 100, Environmental Ethics