PLANES AND SECTIONS

SECTIONS AND PLANES

BRAIN FISSURES/SULCI
CORPUS CALLOSUM
 BRAIN PARTS
Fore Brain- Located rostral (above) to and surrounding the mid brain.
Mid Brain - Located above or anterior to the pons.
Hind Brain - Located just above the spinal cord
 Hind Brain (oldest)
Location
Just above the spinal cord.

Two major divisions

Myelencephalon Metencephalon

Origin: Greek
Greek “myelos” “meta”=“between”.
= meaning
“Narrow”
“Enkephalos”
=In the head.
 Metencephalon

Cerebellum Pons

Myelencephalon

Medulla Reticular
oblongata Formulation
CEREBELLUM
Maintaining balance
Coordinating movement
Vision
Motor learning/Ballistic movement
• PONS (Bridge)
Location
Anterior or superior to the medulla.

Involved in sleeping and dreaming.

Connects parts of the brain with one another by relaying messages between the
cerebral cortex and cerebellum and between medulla and mid brain.
RETICULAR FORMATION /RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS)
Origin :Latin “rete”, net
Diffuse, interconnected network of neurons
Begins in the medulla, extends through the midbrain, and continues into the
higher brain structures.
Maintains consciousness and plays a important role in arousal.
 • Raphe system
Group of nuclei located along hindbrain, b/w MEDULLA and
MIDBRAIN
Role in sleep-wake cycle
Medulla Oblongata
 MIDBRAIN
Mesencephalon-(greek-mesos-middle)
Location: Above the pons
Connecting hindbrain (pons) and forebrain(cerebral cortex)

• TECTUM (Latin-roof) • TEGMENTUM (Latin Floor)

• Superior Colliculi (Vision) • Substantia Nigra
• Ineferior Colliculi (Audition) • Red Nucleus
• Reticular formation
 SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Motor System
Integration of voluntary movements
 RED NUCLEUS
Basic Body Control
Postural Adjustments
PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER (PAG)
 FOREBRAIN
• DIENCEPHALON • TELENCEPHALON
• Limbic System
• Epithalamus  Amygdala
• Thalamus  Cingulate Gyrus
• Hypothalamus  Hippocampus
• Basal Ganglia
 Caudate Nucleus
 Putamen
 Globus Pallidus
 Olfactory
Hebenula Functions
(Smell)
EPITHALAMUS
(largest structure) Seasonal
Rhythm
Pineal gland
Melatonin hormone
(Stimulated by
darkness)
DIENCEPHALON
 LGN (visual)
Sensory Cerebral
MGN (auditory) Thalamus
info cortex

Lateral Geniculate
Visual information Nucleus
(LGN)

•Auditory info(hearing)
THALAMUS /RELAY Median Genculate
•Gustatory info(taste)
STATION Nucleus
•Somato sensory info
(group of nuclei) (MGN)
(skin,touch,pain,etc.)
Ventro lateral nucleus
Cerebellum (VLN)
(little brain) to Motor ●check checks error of
cortex in cerebral cortex actual and intended
movement.
 Homeostasis

HYPOTHALAMUS Controls Hormones of

(2peanuts sized) pituitary glands

Physiological motivated
behaviour(eating,
drinking,sex)

S.C.N Biological rhythm

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (Sleep-wake cycle)
AMYGDALA/HIPPOCAMPUS
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CINGULATE GYRUS
LOBES