Development in

Eco-Friendly
Engine
Subject: IC-Engine Lab
Presented by: Mohsin Ali Khan ( 2K19-ME-11)
 Timeline of advancement of Environmental Friendly Engines:

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2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 1860, Start of an Era

First Practical IC-Engine

The first commercially successful internal
combustion engine was created by Étienne
Lenoir around 1860 and the first modern internal
combustion engine was created in 1876
by Nicolaus Otto. In 1872, American George
Brayton invented the first commercial liquid-
fueled internal combustion engine.
In 1885, German mechanical engineer, Karl
Benz designed and built the world's first practical
automobile to be powered by an internal-
combustion engine. On January 29, 1886, Benz
received the first patent (DRP No. 37435) for a
gas-fueled car. It was a three-wheeler; Benz built
his first four-wheeled car in 1891
 1870’s, An Affecting Era

Environmental cost due to such engines

 After invention of first petrol engine at 1876 by Nicolaus August Otto. Automobiles &
engines were completely dominating the market between 1920 and 1929 alone, the
production of motor vehicles soared from 2.2 million to 5.3 million.

 Historian Mark Foster has estimated that “fully one-third of the total environmental damage
caused by automobiles occurred before they were sold and driven.” He cited a study that
estimated that fabricating one car produced 29 tons of waste and 1,207 million cubic yards of
polluted air.” Extracting iron ore, bauxite, petroleum, copper, lead, and a variety of other raw
materials has serious environmental repercussion.
 1890’s, Innovation in much sustainable
Approach

Diesel Engine

 Diesel received patents for his designs

during the 1890s. The first diesel engine
prototype was built in 1893, though the first
engine test was unsuccessful, so it was back
to the drawing board. In 1897, Diesel
produced successful results after many
improvements and tests.
Diesel engines incorporates high pressure
fuel injectors and stronger material s in
engine block to make the engine more
efficient. Fuel injectors sprays the fuel in fine
forms in the compressed air, due to which it
cause combustion.
The more fuel is consumed in developing
then expelling it in exhaust.
It ejects 23% less CO2 then Petrol engine.
1900’s

Environmental expenses due to such engines:

1. •Diesel engines were notorious for putting out a lot of smog and smoke and were considered the most pollutant automobile on the road.

2. •They were also extremely loud and on start-up were known to be clanky, which irritated motorists.

3. •The economic growth experienced by many of the industrialized nations in the world after World War II was aided by the ability to transport merchandise cross-country relatively cheaply and
efficiently. This, however, was done at the expense of the environment
1928

ionic engine
The ionic engine was first demonstrated by
german-born NASA sceintist Ernst
Stuhlinger, and developed in practical form
by Harold R. Kaufman at NASA lewis
Research Centre from 1957-1960.
The ionic engine uses xenon, a rare gas..
Positively charged ions are extracted by a
system consisting of two grids with openings.
Once they have entered the grid system, the
ions are accelerated by the electric voltage
between the first and second grid to the final
speed, generating the back-and-forth motion
of the piston. Ionic engines exhaust a jet of
noble gases instead of pollutants.
1950’s

Texaco Combustion Process

 1951: Engineers for The Texas Company i.e. now Chevron develop a four-stroke engine
with a fuel injector that employs what was called the Texaco Combustion Process. Unlike
normal four-stroke gasoline engines, which used a separate valve for the intake of the air-
gasoline mixture, the T.C.P. engine uses an intake valve with a built-in special shroud
which delivers the air to the cylinder in a tornado-type fashion; then the fuel is injected and
ignited by a spark plug. The inventors claimed that their engine could burn almost any
petroleum-based fuel of any octane and even some alcohol-based fuels e.g. kerosene,
benzine, motor oil, tractor oil, etc. without the pre-combustion knock and the complete
burning of the fuel injected into the cylinder. While development was well advanced by
1950, there are no records of the T.C.P. engine being used commercially
1970’s , An Alternative to Petrol

Hybrid Technology
Following World War II there was a brief
upsurge in the popularity of eco-friendly cars
in Europe and Japan as car buyers sought
smaller fuel -efficient vehicles due to global
fuel shortages. However this was not to last.
Interest in eco-friendly cars began to re-
emerge in the 1970s as car manufacturers
began to explore the potential of hybrid
technology, but towards the end of the decade
the price of petrol plummeted and no hybrids
were actually built.
The first successful mass-produced hybrid car
boasted a game-changing gas-electric engine.
This entered the Japanese market in 1997
before being introduced globally in 2000, and
made the automotive world realize that
environmentally-friendly cars were here to
stay.
 1990’s

Success of Steam Engine in locomotives

Eco-friendly
steam
locomotive;
Green Dragon

 A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical using steam as its working fluid.

The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and
forth inside a cylinder.
 Steam engine is based on the fundamentals of thermodynamics rankine cycle are much
efficient as compared to burning of fuel like coal which produces massive amounts smoke
& dirt.
 On the other hand, smoke obtained from cleaned water doesn’t have any effect on the
environment.
2000’S , Green technology

Advancement in diesel engines

Engines Exhaust control

Fuels
• fuel injectors being developed
• Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
(ULSD) began arriving in
the United States in 2006
[4]. The new cleaner diesel
fuel has 15 parts per million
of sulfur whereas its
predecessor had 500 parts
per million of sulfur content.
• Post-combustion filters and
inject fuel into the cylinder at
around 35,000 psi; the higher the
injection pressure into the cylinder,
the finer the fuel mist that is
injected into the cylinder. This
means that more fuel is burned
inside the cylinder and less is
expelled as exhaust, which would
raise the emissions of the engine.
catalytic converters also are used
in the exhaust pipe to trap
particulate matter that escapes
from the cylinder. The NOx and
particulate matter emissions can
be brought down to near the level
of hybrid cars with a combination
of fine filters and catalytic
converter technologies. 
2020’s

World First Eco-Friendly Aircraft Engine

Sarah Qureshi is PAS (Pakistan

Aerospace Engineer) who designed the
world's first eco-friendly engine that is
under development.
Qureshi has been working on the
project since 2018 to eliminate the
negative impact of commercial air
carriers on the stratosphere that
contributes to global warming.

The Pakistani scientist explained the

contrail phenomenon, a visible white
streak of smoke emitted from an
aircraft’s jet engines during flight, and
discussed its harmful effects on Earth’s
atmosphere.
2021

Greenest Vehicle of 21st Century

Hyundai Ioniq EV •Green Score: 70

Mini Cooper SE Hardtop •Green Score: 70

Toyota Prius Prime PHEV •Green Score: 68

BMW i3s •Green Score: 68

Nissan Leaf EV •Green Score: 68

Honda Clarity PHEV •Green Score: 66

Hyundai Kona •Green Score: 66

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