Log Evaluation: Determining Rw

Well Log
SP Resistivity
 Determining Rw

• Directly : measured from water sample

• Indirectly : from openhole well logs

– SP Logs
– Pickett Plots
– Rwa Methods
 Rw From SP Log

• The total electrical potential that

influences the SP log can be
represented as follows:

 R 
SSP    61 .13 T  log mf 


 Rw 
 
 Rw Using Pickett Plots
1/ n
 a Rw 
S w   m 

  Rt 
logR t    m log   log a R w   n log S w 

For water sands

log R t    m log   log aR w 

y Slope x Intercept
 Example Pickett Plot

200
1

63.245553
20

Apparent Rt
Porosity

6.324555
0.1

2
Rw = 0.073

0.632456
a=1
m=2
n=2 1.00
0.01

0.2
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 500
Well: Bonanza 1
Zone: 10690.000 - 10980.000 ft Deep Induction VCL < .3
Date: 27 Apr 1998 @ 11:31
 Pickett Plot Solution For Sw

200
1

63.245553
20

Apparent Rt
Porosity

6.324555
.1
0.1

.2

2
Rw = 0.073 .4

0.632456
a=1
.6
m=2
.8
n=2 1.00
0.01

0.2
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 500
Well: Bonanza 1
Zone: 10690.000 - 10980.000 ft Deep induction VCL < .3
Date: 27 Apr 1998 @ 11:32
 Rwa Method
Estimating Rw: The Rwa Method
• Needs porosity and resistivity logs
• Assumes
aRw
– Archie’s (second) law 
n
Sw
m
– Sw < 1  Rt

n Rw
• Define Rwa = Rt/F Sw   1 or
Rt / F
• Calculate Rwa
Rt
• Take (Rwa)min = Rw  Rw so
F
Rwa  Rw
 Rwa Method - Example
140 t 40
• SS @ 156 ft:
– Rild = 0.32 Ω-m
– Dt = 83 s/ft

• Chart f = 23%

• Assume
– a = 0.8
– m=2
• F = 15
• Rwa = Rild/F =
0.32/15 = 0.021 0.2 Rild 20
 Rw Using the Rwa Method
001) BONANZA 1
GRC ILDC RHOC DT
0 150 0.2 200 1.95 2.95 150 us/f 50
SPC SNC CNLLC
-160 MV 40 0.2 200 0.45 -0.15
ACAL MLLCF
6 16 0.2 200
10700

m
R wa   R t RWA

10800

10900
 Archie’s Equation
Empirical constant

a Rw
(usually near unity) Resistivity of
formation water,

Sw  n
-m


Water m Cementation

Rt
saturation, exponent
fraction (usually near 2)
Saturation
exponent
(also usually Resistivity of
near 2) Porosity, uninvaded
fraction formation, -m
 How Archie’s Equation Works
• Archie’s equation is based on the
following relationships
1000
Solving for Ro
Rock type 1
R
o  a 100
R  m
w FR
When water saturation is 100% 10 Rock type 2

1
.01 .1 1.0

 How Archie’s Equation Works
1000

Solving for Ro
Rock type 1
Rt 1 100

 n
R0
IR = Rt
Ro S w Rock type 2
10

When  is constant
1
.01 .1 1.0
Sw
 Archie’s Equation
in Terms of Conductivity

n m
CT  S w  C w
Quantifying Hydrocarbons

7758 Ah  1 Sw  (RB)

OOIP 
Bo RB/STB

OGIP 
43560 Ah 
 1 Sw   / rcf

Bgrcf/scf 