Autoimmune disease

Objective
 Introduction

 Definition

 Type of autoimmune disease

 Symptoms

 Diagnosis of autoimmune disease

 Treatment of autoimmune disease
 References
 Introduction

Autoimmune is a pathological condition in which there is

malfunctioning of immune system and the immune system is
activated causing the destruction of its own cells since it serve its
own cells as foreign cells. In most cases the reason of autoimmune
reaction leading autoimmunity are unknown but studies shows that
there are a no of factors which are associated with autoimmunity
are genetic, infection ,environment. (Okada H et al.,2010).
 Introdution
Immune system is a system which comprises offset of chemical,
cellular and soluble protein mechanism which protects the body
against the infections without attacking its own molecules
antigens are the proteins which Produces the specific response in
the body. They are found in whole body such as spleen, bone
marrow, liver, thymus, gut etc. there are presence of specific
molecule which are present on T and B lymphocyte which
distinct the self and non self molecule.(okada H etal.,2010).
 Defintion

Autoimmune diseases are defined as pathologies of adaptive

immunity by the presence of autoantibodies or MHC-restricted
auto antigen-reactive T cells. Because auto reactivity is a normal
process based on mechanisms producing repertoires of antibodies
and T cell receptors, crucial questions about disease mechanisms
and key steps for interference have been outstanding.( Opdenakker et
al.,2020).
Type of autoimmune disease

They are mainly three types :

1.Systemic autoimmune disease

2.Localized autoimmune disease

3.Hemocytolytic autoimmune disease

Systemic disorders

1.Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

2.Goodpasture syndrome

3.Sarcoidosis

4.Sjogren syndrome

5.Rheumatoid arthritis

6.Multiple sclerosis

7.Polyarthritis nodosa
Haemocytolytic disorder
1.Autoimmune leucopenia disease

2.Autoimmune thrombocytopenia

3.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Local disorders
1.Dermatomyositis

2.Psoriasis

3.Vitiligo

4.Alopecia areata

5.addisondisease

6.Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

7. Hashimotos disease

8.Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

(Ferrari and silvia Martina, (2019)) .

symptoms

 Fatigue

 joint pain and swelling

 skin problem
 abdominal pain or digestive issues
 recurring fever
 swollen gland(ctti et al.,2017).
Diagnosis of autoimmune disease

 By clinical symptoms
 immunofluorescence

 immuno diffusion
 enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) techniques
 Radio immuno assay
 Use of Antigen to Detect Autoantibodies (Kim et al.,(2019)).
Treatment of autoimmune disease

 Glucocorticoids

 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

 immunosuppressive and biological agents
 polyphenols
 B12 for treatment hemolytic anemia
 Usage of Monoclonal antibody ( Khan and Haroon,(2019))
References
1.khan, Haroon, et al. "Polyphenols in the treatment of autoimmune diseases."
Autoimmunity reviews 18.7 (2019): 647-657.

2.Ferrari, Silvia Martina, et al. "The association of other autoimmune diseases in

patients with Graves' disease (with or without ophthalmopathy): review of the
literature and report of a large series." Autoimmunity reviews 18.3 (2019): 287-292.

3.Kim, Jong Hoon, and Soo-Chan Kim. "Paraneoplastic pemphigus: paraneoplastic

autoimmune disease of the skin and mucosa." Frontiers in Immunology 10 (2019):
1259.

4.Davidson, Anne, and Betty Diamond. "General features of autoimmune disease."

The autoimmune diseases. Academic Press, 2020. 17-4
REFRENCES

5.Opdenakker, G., El-Asrar, A. A., & Van Damme, J. (2020). Remnant

Epitopes Generating Autoimmunity: From Model to Useful Paradigm. Trends
in Immunology.

6.Okada H, Kuhn C, Feillet H, Bach JF (2010) The ‘hygienehypothesis’ for

autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update.Clin Exp Immunol 160: 1-9.

7.ctti, M., Lahner, E., Esposito, G., Sacchi, M. C., Severi, C., & Annibale, B.
(2017). Upper gastrointestinal saraboymptoms in autoimmune gastritis: A
cross-sectional study. Medicine, 96(1).