GROUP 2 MEMBERS

DELA CRUZ CASER DELOS REYES DELIMA

(DANICA) DE VERA CAPUTLI DOLLENTE
DELA CRUZ DEL ROSARIO DE HITTA EMBESTRO
(VERONIKKA)
MANAGE
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Starring: ANGELYCA / DANICA / FLORENCE NICOLE / JAMES

JERICHO / MIKA / RACHEL / RAGNA / SHANE / VERONIKKA
Category: BSN1-Y2-2 (GROUP 2)

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 BLOOD
CHEMISTRY
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Definition: A blood chemistry study is a procedure in which a blood
sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances
released into the blood by organs and tissues in the body. An unusual
(higher or lower than normal) amount of a substance can be a sign of
disease in the organ or tissue that makes it.

Purpose: To assess many conditions and learn how the body's organs
are working. Often, blood tests check electrolytes, the minerals that
help keep the body's fluid levels in balance and which are necessary to
help the muscles, heart, and other organs work properly.

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Pre-procedure:

1. For cholesterol and glucose tests, you must fast for at least
8 hours prior to having your blood drawn, unless your doctor tells you
otherwise. Fasting means no eating or drinking for at least 8 hours before the
test, except water. After your blood is drawn, you may resume your regular
diet.

2. Drink plenty of water before your blood test. This helps keep your blood
pressure from dropping. The leading cause of fainting and dizziness during
a blood test is a drop in blood pressure. Avoid coffee or other caffeinated
drinks before your test because they actually cause your body to expel water.

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3. Unless fasting is required for your testing, eat breakfast to help keep your blood
sugar up. This will help you feel better after your blood draw and prevent
lightheadedness and dizziness. If you think you might be nauseous during the
blood draw don't eat immediately before your appointment.

4. If you take a blood-thinning medication, such as heparin or Coumadin(warfarin),

tell the phlebotomist about these medications before your blood is drawn.
After your blood is drawn, the phlebotomist will closely observe the puncture
site to see that bleeding has stopped before you leave the collection location.

5. Relax. If you are anxious about what is going to take place, ask the person taking
your blood to explain everything he or she is doing. Or think of something
entirely different, like your vacation or what you are going to do after your blood
test.

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6. Eat a snack after you have your blood drawn. Take a snack with you
if you will not be going directly back home or to work. That way you
can eat it directly after the blood draw.

7. The bandage can be removed after an hour. An easy way to remove

the bandage is to loosen it after a bath or shower. If the area does
bleed later, apply slight pressure until the bleeding stops and apply
a new bandage. Bruising may occur at the blood draw site. Do not
worry if this happens. Apply some ice to the site and give it a few
days to resolve.

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During: During a blood test, a small sample of blood is taken from your body. It's
usually drawn from a vein in your arm using a needle. A finger prick also might be
used. The procedure usually is quick and easy, although it may cause some short-
term discomfort.

Post-Procedure:

• Keep your bandage on for the recommended amount of time (unless you
experience skin irritation at the puncture site). This is usually at least four to six
hours after your blood draw. You may need to leave it on longer if you take
blood-thinning medications.

• Refrain from doing any vigorous exercise, which could stimulate blood flow and
may cause bleeding from the site.

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• Eat foods rich in iron, such as leafy green vegetables or iron-fortified
cereals. These can help replenish lost iron stores to build your blood
supply back up.

• Apply a cloth-covered ice pack to your arm or hand if you have

soreness or bruising at the puncture site.

• Snack on energy-boosting foods, such as cheese and crackers and a

handful of nuts, or half of a turkey sandwich.

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METABOLIC
SCREENING
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Definition: Programme screens for rare but potentially serious disorders such as
phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and congenital hypothyroidism.

Purpose: The blood test for PKU finds out if your baby's body can process a substance
called phenylalanine. If your baby's body can't process it, it can build up in his or her
blood and tissue. Undiagnosed, PKU can cause permanent brain damage.

Pre-Procedure: First, a physician, nurse, midwife, or other trained member of the

hospital staff will fill out a newborn screening card. One, part of this card is the filter
paper to collect the baby’s blood sample. The other part is for important information
for the lab performing the screen, such as the baby’s name, sex, weight, date/time of
birth, date/time of heel stick collection, and date/time first feeding. It will also include
the contact information of the parents and the baby’s primary care provider for the
follow-up results.

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During: During the blood test, which is sometimes called a heel stick, the baby’s heel will be
pricked to collect a small sample of blood. Parents are welcome to be a part of this process by
holding their baby while the heel stick is performed. Studies show that when mothers or health
professionals comfort babies during this process, the babies are less likely to cry. The health
professional will put drops of blood onto the filter paper card to create several “dried blood
spots.” The newborn screening card is then sent to the state laboratory for analysis.

Post-Procedure: When are newborn screening results available?

• Normal NBS results are available 7-14 working days from the time
NBS samples are received at the Newborn Screening Centers

• Positive NBS results are relayed from the NSC to the NSF immediately.

•Parents should claim the NBS results from their physician or health practitioner.

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What is the meaning of the newborn screening result?

• A negative screen means that the NBS result is normal.

• A positive screen means that the newborn must be brought back to

his/her health practitioner for further testing.

What should be done when a baby has a positive NBS result?

• Babies with positive results should be referred at once to a specialist

for confirmatory testing and further management.

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CAPILLARY
BLOOD
GLUCOSE
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Definition: The level of circulating blood glucose as measured by
glucometer analysis of a fingerstick sample. Regular measurements of
CBG allow diabetic patients to make frequent adjustments in their caloric
intake, exercise levels, and use of antidiabetic medications, especially
insulin.

Purpose: Plays an important part in achieving levels of diabetes control

the results of CBGM must be used to adjust treatment to achieve the
recommended blood glucose targets.

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Pre-Procedure:

● Collect equipment need before the procedure.

● Wash and dry hands and site (if the site is other than the hand) is to be tested.

● Avoid the little finger as the tissue may not be deep enough to prevent
Injury to the bone. Avoid the index finger and thumb as these
are highly sensitive areas compared to other fingers. Avoid the arm
if an intravenous infusion is underway or is the side of the body
where a recent mastectomy, if any, was performed. Heel stick stab,
if done, can be more painful and may require resampling.
Consider pain management in the neonate. The preferred site on the heel
is the lateral or medial plantar surface for babies up to one year of age.

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During:

1. Assess the patient’s site for skin puncture, (skin integrity at the puncture site
minimizes the risk of infection and promotes fast healing with minimal up to
no complications at all) and make sure you have the patient’s permission and
agreement with the puncture site you have identified.
(Recommended to avoid index finger and thumbs as these are highly sensitive
areas compared to other fingers).

2. Perform hand hygiene after skin puncture site assessment.

3. Clean the puncture site with an alcohol swab (for hospital setting) or wash
patient’s hand with warm water in an upright position to increase blood flow
to the puncture site (for home setting)

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4. Take a reagent strip from a container and reseal the container cap. Do not touch
the test pad portion of the reagent strip.

5. Place the reagent strip on a clean, dry surface (e.g. tissues) with the test pad
facing up.

6. Prepare the glucometer for accurate readings. If not yet familiar with the
glucometer, follow the manufacturer’s instructions to prepare the meter for
measurement.

7. Prime the lancing device. Remove the cap and replace with a new lancet,
remove its round cover, recap the lancing device then set it to a level according
to patient’s skin integrity. (see instructions from manufacturer as to how deep
the needle will be in human skin.)

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8. Wear disposable sterile gloves to protect healthcare provider from
contamination by patient’s blood.

9. Keep the puncture site in a dependent position, do not massage the

area near the puncture site or the puncture site itself or it may
introduce excess tissue fluid and hemolyze the specimen.

10. Hold the puncture site with minimal pressure and use the lancing
device to puncture the skin. Remember to always use new lancets
on patients as to avoid spreading infections. (Usually the puncture
site is in the sides of the fingertip pad. Avoid the finger pads itself)

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11. Gently squeeze about the punctured site to produce a large droplet of blood.
(The droplet should be large enough to cover the test pad on the reagent strip)

12. Transfer the first drop of blood (or second drop if indicated by hospital policy or
manufacturer’s instruction) to the reagent strip. The test pad must absorb the
droplet of blood, do not smear blood for accurate results.

13. Place the reagent strip into the glucometer and immediately press timer if not
automatic.

14. Apply pressure or ask patient to apply pressure to the puncture site using a 2x2
gauze pad or clean tissue.

15. Check the results on the unit display of the glucometer.

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Post-Procedure:

1. Explain to the patient that the procedure is done.

2. Document the result in the patient's chart.

3. Report any unusual findings.

4. Properly dispose the lancet into sharps bin to avoid inflicting injury
on both the nurse and the patient.

5. Doff PPE and properly dispose it to reduce transmission of particles.

6. Perform hand hygiene.

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SOURCES GUIDE:

https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/8-2-glucometer-use/
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/diabetes-clinical-archive/blood-gluc
ose-monitoring-20-09-2005/

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 CAST
JERICHO DEL ROSARIO BLOOD CHEMISTRY
ANGELYCA ACOSTA DOLLENTE BLOOD CHEMISTRY
RAGNA DE HITTA BLOOD CHEMISTRY
RACHEL CAPUTLI METABOLIC SCREENING
SHANE DELIMA METABOLIC SCREENING
DANICA DELA CRUZ METABOLIC SCREENING
MIKA DELOS REYES CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE
VERONIKKA DELA CRUZ CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE
JAMES LORENZ DE VERA CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE
DANICA EMBESTRO REPORTER #1
FLORENCE NICOLE CASER POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

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