Гербеда Ольга 11 В

THE U.S. HISTORY:

FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES
TO PRESENT

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1. The discovery of America (the
New World)
2. Colonial America
3. The war for independence
(1775- 1783)
4. The American civil war (1861-
1865)
5. The 20th century
6. America in the 21st century
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• New trade routes
• New enterprises and riches
• New lands to build an empire
for their mother country
• New lands to spread
Christianity

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 986 AD
• a norseman Bjarni Herjolfsson
sailed from Iceland to
Greenland
• a shore with low-lying hills
covered in vegetation
• remains of a 1000-year-old
viking-type settlement were
found by archaeologists in 4

Canada (1963)
 Around 1000 AD
• A norseman Leif Ericsson - the
first European to visit the New
World
• many grape-vines
• Vinland (Wineland)

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 1492
• an italian sailor Christopher
Columbus sailed to search for a
new trade route to India
• 3 months of a difficult voyage
• the Bahama Islands
• the new land for Spain
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Ch.Columbus is going to India

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Ch.Columbus found “India”

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 1497
• an englishman John Cabot
• England - the North Atlantic -
America (north of Nova Scotia)
• the new land for England

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 1499
• an italian sailor Amerigo
Vespucci explored the coast of
South America
• the New World was not India
• the land of Amerigo

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• a German, Martin Waldseemuller
was working on a world map, based
on the work of Ptolemy [‘tolimi]
• the name "America" - across the
southern continent of the New World
• 1000 copies of the map - in Europe
• 1538 - Geradus Mercator produced
the first world map with printed
names of North America and South
America on the two continents

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The Geradus Mercator World Map

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• The chief nations - Spain,
England and France

• 1565 - the first Spanish

settlement Saint Augustine
(North America)

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• Florida, Texas, and the
Southwest, including California
- under control of the Spanish
• 1607 - the first successful
English settlement Jamestown
(Virginia)

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• English Puritans came to
America to escape religious
persecution

• 1620 - Plymouth Colony [‘plimәθ]

- the second permanent British
settlement in North America and
the first in New England

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• 1630 - Massachusetts Bay
colony

• 1636 - an English clergyman

Roger Williams left
Massachusetts and founded
the colony of Rhode Island
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The first colonies in America

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• 1733 - 13 English colonies
along the Atlantic Coast,
from New Hampshire in
the North to Georgia in
the South
• The French controlled Canada
and Louisiana

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13 British colonies

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 - Europeans – mostly from rich
families; couldn’t work

- Indians taught them how to

cultivate crops: corn, tomatoes,
potatoes, tobacco

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- The Indians' inventions are canoes,
snowshoes and moccasins

- A lot of American place-names

derive from Indian words
(including the states of
Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan,
Mississippi, Missouri, and
Idaho)
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 Europeans :

- took the lands of native

Americans
- didn’t care for nature
- were in wars for territories
- brought diseases from Europe

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Colonial wars in North America

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 1619 - several Negroes were brought
from Africa to Jamestown and sold to
the tobacco planters

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The beginning of slavery in America
• small farms were replaced by large
plantations
• a lot of Africans were imported to
America

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The War for Independence (1775-1783):

1) The Seven Years War (1756-

1763):
- the hostility between Prussia
and Austria in Europe
- the colonial rivalries between
Britain, France and Spain

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The Seven Years War (1756-1763)

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 The consequences of the war:
• no feudalism
• development of capitalism in trade,
industry and agriculture
• forming of 13 states
• George Washington – the first
president (commander-in-chief of
the North American; did very much
for the victory of the colonists)
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The American Civil War (1861-1865)
The USA was divided into 2 regions:
- the industrializing North with free
labour;
- the agricultural South with slave
labour.
1854 – foundation of the Republican
Party (their rival - Democratic Party,
founded in 1828, stood for slavery).
1860 - Abraham Lincoln - the president
of the USA
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 1861
- 11 southern states left the Union
and founded a Confederation (the
Confederate States of America)
- The Civil war - the 2nd American
revolution
- The army of the South: fewer
soldiers, but well-organized,
brilliant tacticians among
commanders
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- General Grant - commander-in-
chief in the North

- the North began to win

- April, 1865 - the end of the Civil

war

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The Civil War - traumatic episode
with important results
• The end of slavery
• No more obstacles to capitalist
development
• the American nation - an
indivisible whole both
territorially and ethnically

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 By the end of the 19-th century
• 1869 - the first transcontinental
railroad
• By 1900 more rail mileage than all of
Europe
• The prosperity of the petroleum
industry
• Andrew Carnegie - a founder of the
vast empire of steel mills

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 By 1932
• Failure of thousands of American
banks, 100 000 businesses
• Industrial production - cut in half
• Wages decreased 60 percent
• Unemployment
• Franklin D. Roosevelt – a president

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- December 1941 - the
bombing of Pearl Harbor
naval base in Hawaii by the
Japanese
- the World war II:
1) against Japan
2) against Germany and Italy
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- The United Nations
- The USA and the Soviet Union -
worse relations
- 1963 - the US and the Soviet Union
came to agreement on a limited
ban of nuclear testing
- the tension of the cold war eased

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 April, 1949

The US and Belgium, Canada,

Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, and the
United Kingdom - the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
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 1945-1970
- 55 percent of all households
owned washing machines
- 77 percent owned cars
- 90 percent had television sets
- nearly all had refrigerators

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