Complication of covid-19 infection

Around 1 patients out of 6 shows these complications

They could also be the true origin of fatality
 Who is prone to them ?
Most of complication happened on patients with advanced age or underlying disease

• Patients suffer from hypertension or other cardiovascular disorder

• Blood or bone marrow transplanted patients
• HIV infection
• Corticosteroids admistration
• Diabetes
• Liver failure
 Cytokine storme / cytokine releasing syndrome
Possible cause of systemic complication

• Infection triggers immune system flood the blood stream with cytokines , a inflammation
triggering protein .
• Cousing inflammation and damage across organ systems
• May leads to lung , heart , kidney failure
 Acute respiratory failure / pneumonia

• Cytokines cause inflammation reaction leads to exudation among the lung , handicap the gas
exchange
• In server case ( pneumonia ) , lungs would be filled with pus and cell debris , leading to
respiratory mismatch on a greater extend .
• Could develop into ARDS with time , liquids leak into severe damaged alveolar , patients
might need ventilator in order to breath .
• Lungs enable to pump enough oxygen into blood causing hypoxia and hypercapnia
• It a leading cause of death in one study enrolling 68 Chinese who died of COVID-19
 Pneumonia
One of the most characteristic complication of COVID-19
 Acute liver injury
Most seriously ill patients runs the greatest risk of liver damage

• Patients with preexisting chronic hepatic disease are at higher risk

• Scientist haven’t figure out the exact route of liver damage in the covid-19 infection , whether
its caused by virus harming the liver tissue or if it happens for another reason
 Acute cardiac injury

• Often presents as veinous or arterial thrombotic disease , including acute coronary syndrome
and venous thromboembolism .
• Myocarditis also were found in patients with acute heart failure
• Also it was found that patient developing a wide range of arrhythmias during the COVID-19
infection
• Risk factor including male gender , advanced age , diabetes , hypertension and obesity
• COVID- 19 complicated cardiac problem may last long after patients recovered from the
disease
 Secondary infection
Being attacked by another pathogen during the COVID infection

• It’s a possible but not common complication.

• Most case involve streptococcus or staphylococcus infection
• May be a consequence of immune depressed state caused by COVID infection
Candidas Coronavirus
Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

Another virus
 Acute kidney injury

• Need dialysis to maintain vital

• May develop into chronic kidney disease
 Disseminated intravascular coagulation

• Triggering of clotting cascade throughout your body

• Abnormal clots formed and dessolved
• May leads to thrombosis in the clouting stage
• Thrombosis could cause ischemia damage to organ , causing organ failure
• Prone to bleeding disorder afterwards due to run out of cloting materials in the unregulated
clotting
 Rhabdomyolysis
Extremely rare condition

• Breaking down of muscle and releasing of myofibrotic protein .

• Myoglobin floods the blood stream could leads to acute kidney failure