Quarter II: Afro-Latin American

Music
Lesson 2.c: Music of Latin America Q2
Week 5
(Jazz Music and Popular Music) Day 1
 JAZZ MUSIC
•Jazz is defined as a style of music, native
to America, characterized by a strong
flexible rhythmic with solo and
improvisations on basic tunes, chord
patterns and etc.
•The development of the Jazz genre was
an offshoot of the music of African slaves
who were brought to America.
 HISTORY / BEGINNING OF JAZZ

Timeline of Jazz
•1890 – 1910 - Jazz is born; Ragtime
•1910 – 1920 - Blues
•1920 – 1930 - Dixieland
•1930 – 1940 - Swing/Big Band
•1940 - Bebop
•1960 - Free Jazz
• As an outlet for their deepest feelings, the
Africans used music to recall their nostalgic
past in their home country as well as to voice
their sentiments on their desperate condition
as slaves in America.
• From such melancholy beginnings, jazz
evolved into various more upbeat forms
which the world has since adopted and
incorporated into other contemporary styles.
RAGTIME (1890s – 1910s)
•Is an American popular musical style mainly
for piano that originated in the Afro-American
communities in St. Louis and New Orleans.
•It combines rhythm that were brought to this
country by slaves, with musical forms brought
over to the US from Europe.
•It uses syncopated rhythms. It means the
accents in the melody are shifted away from the
strong beats in the bass line underneath.
RAGTIME (1890s – 1910s)
•It was said to be a modification of the
“marching mode” made popular by John Philip
Sousa, where the effect is generated by an
internally syncopated melodic line pitted
against a rhythmically straightforward bass line.
•Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly
improvised and contains regular meters and
clear phrases, with an alternation of low bass or
bass octaves and chords
RAGTIME (1890s – 1910s)
•Foremost exponents of ragtime were Jelly Roll
Morton, an American early jazz pianist who
composed the Frog I More Rag and Scott Joplin,
who composed the popular Maple Leaf Rag,
Solace, and The Entertainer. Joplin is also known
as the “King of Ragtime.”
•Ragtime also influenced a number of classical
composers as well, among them Erik Satie,
Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky, who
injected ragtime rhythmic elements in their
compositions.
BLUES (1910s – 1920s)
•Is a style of music that is based around using
“blue notes”.
•It started in African American communities in
the US and was influenced by various things,
like spirituals, church music and chants
•This genre was born along the north
Mississippi Delta after the Civil War.
DIXIELAND (1920s – 1930s)
•Originated in New Orleans, Louisiana.
•It is characterized by improvisation and the
playing back and forth of the cornet, trumpet,
clarinet, and trombone.
•The background beat is supplied by the piano,
ass and percussion instrument players, who also
have their turns to solo.
•It is usually played by bands of 4-8 members.
BIG BAND / Swing (1930s – 1940s)
•The term “Big Band” refers to a large ensemble
form originating in the United States in the mid
1920’s closely associated with the Swing Era
with jazz elements.
•This style relied heavily on percussion
(drums), wind, rhythm (guitar, piano, double
bass, vibes), and brass instruments (particularly
saxophones), with a lyrical string section
(violins and other string instruments) to
accompany a lyrical melody.
BIG BAND / Swing (1930s – 1940s)
•This has a strong rhythm, and is usually
performed by the double bass and drums and is
played at a fairly quick tempo.
•This started to become less popular during the
period of WWII for several factors. It became
difficult to maintain because of the fact that a lot
of the bands members were overseas fighting in
the war.
•This band was lifted in the early part of 1949
and by then it had changed with many new
styles have emerged.
BIG BAND / Swing (1930s – 1940s)
•A standard big band 17-piece instrumentation
consisted of the following percussion, brass, and
woodwind instruments: five saxophones (most
often two altos, two tenors, and one baritone),
four trumpets, four trombones (often including
one bass trombone), and a four-piece rhythm
section (composed of drums, acoustic bass or
electric bass, piano and guitar). Some big bands
today use additional instruments.
BIG BAND / Swing (1930s – 1940s)
•Among the great big bands were the Glenn
Miller Orchestra (A String of Pearls, Moonlight
Serenade, In The Mood, American Patrol, and
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes); the Count Basie
Orchestra (April in Paris); and the Benny
Goodman Orchestra (Sing, Sing, Sing). Some
solo singers such as Cab Calloway (Minnie the
Moocher), Doris Day (Stardust, I’m in the Mood
for Love); Roy Eldridge, and others also
collaborated with big bands.
BEBOP (1940s)
•Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz
that emerged during World War II. It was
characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental
virtuosity, and improvisation.
•The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm
resulted in a heavy performance where the
instrumental sound became more tense and free.
•Borrowing from Big Band / Swing, and rooted
in the blues, bebop is the foundation on which
modern jazz was built.
BEBOP (1940s)
•Bebop’s main exponents were trumpeter Dizzy
Gillespie, alto sax player Charlie Parker,
drummers Max Roach and Roy Haynes, pianists
Bud Powell and Thelonius Monk; guitarist
Charlie Christian; tenor sax players Dexter
Gordon and Sonny Rollins, who was also a
composer; and trombonist JJ Johnson.
FREE JAZZ (Jazz Rock) (1960s)
•This is a style of music that emerged in the US
in the mid-20th century.
•It is a loosely defined movement that includes
many different musical styles, all of which place
an emphasis on improvisation and a
deconstruction of earlier jazz styles.
•Jazz rock is the music of 1960’s and 1970’s
bands that inserted jazz elements into rock
music.
FREE JAZZ (Jazz Rock) (1960s)
•A synonym for “jazz fusion,” jazz rock is a mix
of funk and R&B (“rhythm and blues”) rhythms,
where the music used amplification and
electronic effects, complex time signatures, and
extended instrumental compositions with
lengthy improvisations in the jazz style.
FREE JAZZ (Jazz Rock) (1960s)
•Popular singer/songwriters Joni Mitchell, Tim
Buckley, and Van Morrison were among those
who adopted the jazz rock style.
•Some popular groups that emerged using the
above music styles were the following: Grateful
Dead, Cream, Blood Sweat and Tears, Santana,
Traffic, Chicago, Steely Dan, Lighthouse, Frank
Zappa, Soft Machine, Hatfield and the North,
 C. PRESENTING EXAMPLES
Show Video / film clips / MTVs or any
recordings from You Tube or a Video from
the animated movie “The Princess and the
Frog”
-Take note of the background music used in this movie

Sharing Period:
Ask the students for their observations and
reactions
 D.
Listen and Watch to the
following:
1. Ragtime
2. Big Band
3. Bebop
4. Jazz Rock
Buzz Session:

Analyze and discuss the characteristics of Jazz

music
 E. DISCUSSION
Class Listening Activity:

Listen or watch excerpts MTVs from YouTube of

pop, rock, jazz, hip hop, rap and rock and roll.

-Have them analyze /discuss the characteristics

of each genre through comparison of their
similarities and differences.
 POPULAR MUSIC
•literally means “music of the populace,” similar
to traditional folk music of the past. As it developed
in the 20th century, pop music (as it has come to
be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large numbers of people, whether
on radio or in live performances.
•It originated in its modern form in the US and UK
during the Mid-1950s.
•Up until the 1960s the terms pop and rock had
similar meanings.
 POPULAR MUSIC
•From the standard songs and ballads of the
legendary Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank
Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley
and the Beatles and the present-day idols in the
pop, rock, hip-hop/rap, and alternative music
modes, popular music is now shared by the entire
world.
 DIFFERENT GENRE
A.Folk Music
B.Country and Western Music
C.Ballads
D.Standards
E.Rock and Roll
F.Disco
G.Pop Music
H.Hip Hop and Rap
I.Alternative Music
A.FOLK MUSIC:
Traditionally, folk music refers to melodies and
songs of the common people that are handled down
from one generation to the next.
Dealing with almost every kind of human activity,
folk music often expresses the character of ethnic
and social groups, and sometimes of a nation.
As the music of the people, it can express
political or religious beliefs, tell a story, recount
history, or simply provide amusement.
 In the 1960’s and 1970’s, folk music took on a
new character.
 It was combined with elements of rock to
express the social and political concerns of the
youth of that era.
 Folk material was adopted by contemporary
performers and popularized in concerts,
recordings, and broadcasting.
 A new genre of popular music with folk roots
had developed.
B. COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC
Country and Western music is a blend of popular
musical forms originally found in the Southern
United States.
It has roots in traditional folk music and evolved
rapidly in the 1920’s.
The term “country music” began to be used in
the 1940’s when the earlier term “hillbilly music”
was felt to be degrading, and the term was
subsequently embraced in the 1970’s.
B. COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC
Country and Western music reflects the people’s
life experiences and local settings, even while
combining the ideals of a progressive society with
nostalgia for one’s roots and culture.
It features simple tunes, usually sung solo
accompanied by a guitar, a banjo, or occasional
whistling.
The themes of the songs capture the romantic
imagery of the American cowboy-depicting heroic
deeds, gritty trail life, nature and wide open
spaces.
Among the
pioneering country
Kenny Rogers has a unique
music artists are:
voice with a storyteller style,
Johnny Cash and he defined what came to
Loretta Lynn, be known as “country cross
over” as he also recorded
Roy Rogers, ballads and rock materials.
Jimmy Rodgers, Among today’s popular
Patsy Cline, country singers are husband
and wife Tim McGraw and
Jim Reeves, and the Faith Hill, Keith Urban,
famed duet partners Shania Twain, Carrie
Kenny Rogers and Underwood, Trisha Yearwood,
Dolly Parton. Toby Keith, Brad Paisley and
Taylor Swift.
C. BALLADS
The ballad originated as an expressive folksong
in narrative verse with text dealing typically with
love.
The word is derived both from the medieval
French “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which
refers to a dancing song. Used by poets and
composers since the 18th century, it became a
slow popular love song in the 19th century.
Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song
in a slightly pop or rock style, with the following
variations: Blue Ballads, Pop Standard and Jazz
Ballads and Pop and Rock Ballads
C. BALLADS
1.Blues Ballads. This is a fusion of Anglo-American
and Afro-American styles from the 19th century
that often deals with anti-heroes resisting
authority. The form emphasizes the character of
the performer more than the narrative content, and
is accompanied by the banjo or guitar.
C. BALLADS
2. Pop Standard and Jazz Ballads. This is a blues style
built from a single verse of 16 bars ending on the dominant
or half-cadence, followed by a refrain/chorus part of 16 or
32 bars in AABA form. The B section acts as the bridge,
and the piece normally ends with a brief coda (“tail”)-a few
additional lyrics that bring the song to a close. Some
enduring pop standard and jazz ballads include The Man I
Love by George Gershwin, Always by Irving Berlin, and In a
Sentimental Mood by Duke Ellington.
C. BALLADS
3. Pop and Rock Ballads. A pop and
rock ballad is an emotional love song
with suggestions of folk music, as in
the Beatles’ composition “The Ballad
of John and Yoko” and Billy Joel’s
“The Ballad of Billy.” This style is
sometimes applied to strophic
(repeating verse) story-songs, such
as Don McLean’s “American Pie.”
D. STANDARDS
In music, the term “standard” is used to denote
the most popular and enduring songs from a
particular genre or style, such as those by Irving
Berlin, Cole Porter, and Rodgers and Hart.
Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo
with a relaxed mood.
It also features highly singable melodies within
the range and technical capacity of the amateur
singer.
 Frank Sinatra
(1940-1980)

Among the foremost proponents of this style

was Frank Sinatra, also known as “Ol’ Blue Eyes,”
“Chairman of the Board,” or “The Voice.” His genre
was categorized as traditional pop. Aside from
being a successful singer, he was also an actor,
producer, director, and conductor. His hit singles
include My Way and Strangers in the Night.
 Nat King Cole
(1940-1980)

Another well-loved standards singer was American

balladeer Nat King Cole. Although an accomplished pianist,
he owes most of his popular musical fame to his soothing
baritone voice, which he used to perform in big band, vocal
jazz, swing. traditional pop, and jump blues genres. He was
the first black American to host his own television show
and maintained worldwide popularity over 40 years past his
death. He is widely considered “one of the most important
musical personalities in United States history.” His hit
songs include Unfogettable, Mona Lisa, and Too Young.
 Matt Monroe
(1940-1980)

Matt Monroe was an English singer who became one

of the most popular entertainers in the international music
scene during the 1960s. Throughout his 30-year career, he
filled cabarets, nightclubs, music halls, and stadia around
the world. Among his hit singles were Portrait of My Love,
Softly as I Leave You, the James bond theme From Russia
with Love, Born Free, which became his signature song,
and Walk Away.
 Other popular singers of standards were
Perry Como, Bing Crosby, Andy Williams,
Sammy Davis Jr., Doris Day, Patti Page,
Barbra Streisand, and Paul Anka.
E. ROCK AND ROLL
Rock and roll was a hugely popular song form in
the United States during the late 1940’s to the
1950’s.
It combined Afro-American forms such as the
blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the
Western swing and country music.
The lead instruments were the piano and
saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by
modern instruments.
 In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or
two electric guitars (lead, rhythm), a string bass
or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided
the rhythmic pattern. With technological
advances, amplifiers and microphones were
added to raise the volume.
 The style derived its name from the motion of a
ship on the ocean, “rock and roll.”
 Among the original rock and roll greats were
guitarist composer Chuck Berry who wrote such
hits as Johnny B. Goode and Roll Over
Beethoven; and piano pounding Little Richard,
who combined the passion of gospel music with
rhythm and blues.
 The greatest exponent of the rock and roll style was the
legendary Elvis Presley. His hit songs such as Heartbreak
Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes were complemented by his good
looks and elaborate movements that included hugging the
microphone as he sang.
 Presley’s style was the precursor of the British band known as
The Beatles, whose compositions further boosted rock and roll
as the favourite genre of the times.
 John Lennon
(1940-1980)

Was an English musician, singer, performer,

songwriter and co-songwriter. He was born and raised
in Liverpool, England. He rose to worldwide fame as a
founder member of the rock band The Beatles, which
was considered as “the most commercially successful
band in the history of popular music.”
 Sir James Paul McCartney
(1942-present)

Is an English singer, songwriter, multi-

instrumentalist, co-writer, and composer. Paul gained
worldwide popularity and fame as a member of The
Beatles, which included John Lennon, George Harrison,
and Ringo Starr.
He has been “recognized as one of the most
successful composers and performers of all time, with
60 gold discs and sales of over 100 million albums and
100 million singles of his work with the Beatles and as a
solo artist.”
F. DISCO
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop music
known as “disco.” Disco music pertained to rock music
that was more danceable, thus leading to the
establishment of venues for public dancing also called
discos. The term originated from the French word
“discotheque” which means a library for phonograph
records.
The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound
rhythmically controlled by a steady beat (usually meter)
for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns,
electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.
F. DISCO
Superstars of the disco genre include The Bee
gees; ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of
Disco”): Earth, Wind, and Fire; KC and the
Sunshine Band; The Village People; and Gloria
Gaynor, with hits like Dancing Queen, Stayin’
Alive, Boogie Wonderland, and Hot Stuff.
G. POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era, other pop music
superstars continued to emerge. Among them
were:
1.Neil Sedaka (Laughter in the Rain),
2.Diana Ross and the Supremes (Stop in the Name
of Love),
3.Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly Devoted to You),
4.Stevie Wonder (You Are the Sunshine of My Life),
5.Elton John (Skyline Pigeon),
6.The Carpenters (We’ve Only Just Begun), and
7.Barry Manilow (Mandy).
G. POP MUSIC
Pop superstars in more recent years
include solo artists:
Celine Dion (My Heart Will Go
On), as well as vocal groups such as
Madonna (Material Girl), Boyz II Men (Four Seasons of
Whitney Houston (I Will Always Loneliness),
Love You), The Backstreet Boys (I Want It
Mariah Carey (Hero), That Way),
Justin Timberlake (Justified), N’Sync (This I Promise You),
Britney Spears (Oops, I Did It Destiny’s Child (Survivor),
Again), among many others.
Beyonce (Irreplaceable),
Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and
Bruno Mars (Just The Way You
Are);
 Michael Jackson
(1958-2009)

Hailed as “The King of Pop”, perhaps the most

popular solo performer of all time is Michael Joseph
Jackson who was born on August 29, 1958 and died on
June 25, 2009. He was an American recording artist,
entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musical
arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and
philanthropist. Jackson is one of the world’s most famous
artists because of his highly successful career which made
him a part of popular culture for nearly four decades.
 The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an
entertainer in 1968 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then began
a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group and was
referred to as the "King of Pop" in subsequent years. Jackson's
1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all
time, and four of his other solo studio albums are among the
world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987),
Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995).
 One of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame twice, his other achievements include “Multiple
Guinness World Records”—including one for "Most Successful
Entertainer of All Time"—13 Grammy Awards, 13 number one
singles in his solo career, and the sale of 750 million records
worldwide.
 In the early 1980s, he became a dominant figure in American
popular music and culture. He was the first African American
entertainer to amass a strong crossover following on MTV. The
popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It,
Billie Jean, and Thriller—widely credited with transforming the
music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped
bring the relatively new channel to fame. Videos such as Black or
White and Scream made Jackson an enduring staple on MTV in
the 1990s.
 With stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a
number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the
“robot” and the “moonwalk.” His distinctive musical sound and
vocal style influenced many hip hop, pop music, and
contemporary R&B artists across several generations world-wide.
Jackson donated and raised millions of dollars for beneficial
causes through his “Heal the World Foundation,” charity singles,
and support of 39 charities.
Today’s Pop Music Idols
As the 21st century continues to unfold,
more and more pop groups emerge spanning an
entire range of musical styles and genres. There
are music groups like Black Eyed Peas, K Pop
(Korean), My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boys,
The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Souja Boy, Train,
Maroon 5, and One Direction.
Other solo performers include Adele, Taylor
Swift, Ed Sheeran, Rihanna, Chris Brown, Ariana
Grande, Justin Beiber, Miley Cyrus, Katy Perry,
Nikki Minaj and Selena Gomez.
H. HIP HOP AND RAP
Hip hop music is a stylized, highly rhythmic type
of music that usually (but not always) includes
portions of rhytmically chanted words called “rap.”
In rapping, the artist speaks along with an
instrumental or synthesized beat. Hip hop arose in
the 1970s within the Afro-American and Latino
youth in the Bronx area of New York City. But by
the 1980s, it had spread to many other countries.
It has since evolved into a subculture that
encompasses music (rapping, DJing, scratching,
and beatboxing); a nearly acrobatic style of
dancing, called break dancing; a distinct manner of
dress; and graffiti-style artwork.
H. HIP HOP AND RAP
Among the early hip hop artists were LL Cool J
and Run-D.M.C. While more recent popular names
in this genre have been Beastie Boys, Eminem, and
Kanye West.
I. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
Alternative music was an underground
independent form of music that arose in the
1980’s. It became widely popular in the 1990’s as a
way to defy “mainstream” rock music.
Thus, it was known for its unconventional
practices such as distorted guitar sounds,
oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes.
It was also characterized by high energy levels
that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock,
post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop,
noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and
Shoegazing.