Typical Graph

This is an example
of a typical graph we
are all familiar with.
The graph is made
up of different
“points” with lines
that connect
the points.
 Each point has
Typical Graph
two values:

Y axis The “X” value

that runs along
the
horizontal “X”
axis
The “Y” value
that runs along
X axis
the
vertical “Y”
axis
 X value is
Typical Graph
always stated first
Followed by the
Y (3,8) (9,5) Y value
The “origin” is
the point where
the 2 axes
intersect
X
with a
value of (0,0)
(0,0)
 A point can also
Typical Graph
have negative
(-) values
Y Negative X
values are to the
(-X,+Y) (+X,+Y) left
(0,0) of the origin
X
(0,0)
(-X,-Y) (+X,-Y)
Negative Y
values are below
the
origin
East West, North South on The Earth

Let the X axis be the

Equator.
Y
Let the Y axis be the
Prime Meridian
X that runs through
Greenwich outside
of London.
Lat/Long are the 2
grid points by
which you can locate
any point on
earth.
 East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of
N the four
quarters then
be designated
W E
by North or
South and
S East or West.
 East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us
(N, W) (N, E)
we’re north of the
Equator. The S tells
us we’re south of
the Equator.
The E tells us that
we’re east of the
Prime Meridian. The
(S, W) (S, E) W tells us that we’re
west of the Prime
Meridian.
 East West, North South on the Earth

(N, W)
That means all
points in North
America will have
a North latitude and
a West longitude
because it is North
of the Equator and
West of the Prime
Prime Meridian
Meridian.
 East West, North South on the Earth

What would be
the latitude and
longitude
directions in
Australia?
Prime Meridian ?

If you said South and East , you’re right!

 Latitude is the
What is Latitude? distance from the
equator along the Y
axis.
90°N
Y All points along the
equator have a value
of 0 degrees latitude.
X
North pole = 90°N
South pole = 90°S
90°S Values are
expressed in terms of
degrees.
 What is Latitude?

Each degree
90°N
Y of latitude is
divided into
X 60 minutes.
Each minute
is divided into
90°S
60 seconds.
This is also true of longitude.
What is Latitude?

For Example:
90°N
Y
37°, 02’,51’’N
X
This is close
to the latitude
where you live.
90°S
 What is Longitude?
Longitude is the
distance from the
prime meridian along
Y the X axis.
All points along the
prime meridian have a
X value of 0 degrees
longitude.
The earth is divided
into two parts, or
180°W
hemispheres, of
180°E
east and west
longitude.
 What is Longitude?

The earth is
Y
divided into 360
equal slices
(meridians)
X
180 west and
180 east of the
prime meridian
180°W 180°E
What is Latitude?

Our latitude
90°N
Y and longitude
might be:
X
37°, 03’,13’’N
76°, 29’, 45’’W
90°S
 The origin
So Where is (0,0)?
point (0,0) is
where the
equator
intersects the
prime
meridian.
(0,0) is off the
western coast
of Africa in the
Atlantic Ocean.
 See If You Can Tell In Which
Quarter These Lon/Lats Are
Located

1. 41°N, 21°E

2. 37°N, 76°W
A B
3. 72°S, 141°W
C D 4. 7°S, 23°W
5. 15°N, 29°E
6. 34°S, 151°E
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D
 See if you can
find those same
latitude/longitude
locations on a
map!
 Positioning on the Earth’s Surface
East is the direction of Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
rotation of the Earth North Pole
Prime Meridian Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
0o Longitude

Tropic of Cancer Latitude 23½o North

21st June 90
60o90
30
30 Eo
60
90 W
o
66½23½
o
o
22nd Sept
Equator Latitude 0o
20 March
th 900 23½o

22nd December
Tropic of Capricorn Latitude 23½o South

Longitude 90o West

Longitude 90oEast
Longitude 60o West Longitude 60o East

Longitude 30o West Longitude 30o East

South Pole
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.
 Now you’re ready to
find some locations on
a map!