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    Tamasgeen Kabbadee
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    This document discusses Java applets. It defines an applet as a special type of program embedded in a webpage to generate dynamic content, which runs inside the browser at the client side. It describes the advantages of applets, including less response time and platform independence. The document also covers the lifecycle methods of applets like init(), start(), stop(), and destroy(). It provides examples of how to create an executable applet and run it using an HTML file or applet viewer tool. Finally, it compares applets to applications and discusses when to use applets.

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    This document discusses Java applets. It defines an applet as a special type of program embedded in a webpage to generate dynamic content, which runs inside the browser at the client side. It describes the advantages of applets, including less response time and platform independence. The document also covers the lifecycle methods of applets like init(), start(), stop(), and destroy(). It provides examples of how to create an executable applet and run it using an HTML file or applet viewer tool. Finally, it compares applets to applications and discusses when to use applets.

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    15 views16 pages

    Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    Tamasgeen Kabbadee
    This document discusses Java applets. It defines an applet as a special type of program embedded in a webpage to generate dynamic content, which runs inside the browser at the client side. It describes the advantages of applets, including less response time and platform independence. The document also covers the lifecycle methods of applets like init(), start(), stop(), and destroy(). It provides examples of how to create an executable applet and run it using an HTML file or applet viewer tool. Finally, it compares applets to applications and discusses when to use applets.

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    of 16

    Bule Hora University

    College of Informatics
    Department of Computer Science

    CoSc3053: Advanced Programming

    Chapter 2 :
    Java Applet

    Nigussu B.
    nigussu.bitew@bhu.edu.et

    1
    Java Applet
    • Applet is a special type of program that is
    embedded in the webpage to generate the
    dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and
    works at client side.
    • Applet is a special type of program that is
    embedded in the webpage to generate the
    dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and
    works at client side. 2
    Cont’d
    • Advantage of Applet
    • There are many advantages of applet. They are as
    follows:
    • It works at client side so less response time.
    • Secured
    • It can be executed by browsers running under many
    plateforms, including Linux, Windows, Mac Os etc.
    • Drawback of Applet
    • Plugin is required at client browser to execute
    applet.
    3
    Lifecycle of Java Applet

    4
    Lifecycle methods for Applet
    • init(): The init() method is the first method to run that
    initializes the applet. It can be invoked only once at the
    time of initialization. The web browser creates the
    initialized objects, i.e., the web browser (after checking
    the security settings) runs the init() method within the
    applet.
    • start(): The start() method contains the actual code of
    the applet and starts the applet. It is invoked
    immediately after the init() method is invoked. Every
    time the browser is loaded or refreshed, the start()
    method is invoked. It is also invoked whenever the
    applet is maximized, restored, or moving from one tab
    to another in the browser. 5
    Cont’d
    • stop(): The stop() method stops the execution of
    the applet. The stop () method is invoked whenever
    the applet is stopped, minimized, or moving from
    one tab to another in the browser, the stop()
    method is invoked. When we go back to that page,
    the start() method is invoked again.
    • destroy(): The destroy() method destroys the applet
    after its work is done. It is invoked when the applet
    window is closed or when the tab containing the
    webpage is closed. It removes the applet object
    from memory and is executed only once. We cannot
    start the applet once it is destroyed. 6
    Cont’d
    • paint(): The paint() method belongs to the
    Graphics class in Java. It is used to draw shapes
    like circle, square, trapezium, etc., in the applet. It
    is executed after the start() method and when the
    browser or applet windows are resized.
    • There are two ways to run an applet
    • By html file.
    • By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).

    7
    Creating an Executable Applet
    • Executable applet is nothing but the .class file of the applet,
    which is obtained by compiling the source code of the applet.
    • Compiling an applet is exactly the same as compiling an
    application.
    • Steps required for compiling an applet :
    • Move to the directory containing the source code and type
    the following command :
    • Javac HelloJava.java
    • The compiled output file called HelloJava.class is placed in
    the same directory as the source.
    • If any error message is received, then we must check for
    errors, correct them and compile the applet again.
    8
    Designing a Web Page

    • A Web page is basically made up of text and HTML tags that can be interpreted
    by a Web browser or an applet viewer.
    • Web pages should be stored in the same directory as the compiled code of the
    applets.
    • Web page template:
    <HTML>
    <! Comment
    ……………………
    …………………… Section
    >
    <HEAD>
    Head
    </HEAD> Section
    <BODY> Body
    </BODY> Section
    </HTML> 9
    Running the Applet
    • We must have the following files in our current directory :
    • HelloJava.java
    • HelloJava.class
    • HelloJava.html
    • To run an applet, we require one of the following tools:
    • 1. Java-enabled Web browser (Such as HotJava or Netscape)
    • 2. Java appletviewer

    • If we use a Java-enabled Web browser, we will be able to see the entire


    Web page containing the applet.

    • If we use the appletviewer tool, we will only see the applet output.
    • The appletviewer is not a full-fledged Web browser.
    • We can use it to run our applet as follows :
    • appletviewer HelloJava.html 10
    Simple example of Applet by html file

    • To execute the applet by html file, create an applet and


    compile it. After that create an html file and place the
    applet code in html file. Now click the html file.
    • 1. //First.java
    • 2. import java.applet.Applet;
    • 3. import java.awt.Graphics;
    • 4. public class First extends Applet{
    • 5. public void paint(Graphics g){
    • 6. g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
    • 7. }
    • 8. }
    11
    Cont’d
    • myapplet.html
    • 1. <html>
    • 2. <body>
    • 3. <applet code="First.class" width="300"
    height="300">
    • 4. </applet>
    • 5. </body>
    • 6. </html>

    12
    How Applets differ from Applications
    • An application is a Java program that is run by
    using a Java interpreter program.
    • An applet is a Java program that is run by a Java-
    enabled web browser.
    • A Java Application also known as application
    program is a type of program that independently
    executes on the computer.
    • The Java applet works on the client side, and runs
    on the browser and makes use of another
    application program so that we can execute it.
    13
    Cont’d

    • Applets do not use the main() method for


    initiating the execution of the code. Applets,
    when loaded, automatically call certain methods
    of Applet class to start and execute the applet
    code.
    • Unlike stand-alone applications, applets cannot
    be run independently. They are run from inside
    a Web page using a special feature known as
    HTML tag.

    14
    Java Application Vs. Java Applet
    Parameters Java Application Java Applet
    Meaning A Java Application also known as application The Java applet works on the client side, and
    program is a type of program that runs on the browser and makes use of another
    independently executes on the computer. application program so that we can execute it.

    Requirement of main( ) method Its execution starts with the main( ) method It does not require the use of any main()
    only. The use of the main( ) is mandatory. method. Java applet initializes through init( )
    method.

    Execution It cannot run independently, but requires JRE to It cannot start independently but requires APIs
    run. for use (Example. APIs like Web API).

    Installation We need to install the Java application first and Java applet does not need to be pre-installed.
    obviously on the local computer.

    Connectivity with server It is possible to establish connections with other It cannot establish connection to other servers.
    servers.

    Operation It performs read and write tasks on a variety of It cannot run the applications on any local
    files located on a local computer. computer.

    File access It can easily access a file or data available on a It cannot access the file or data found on any
    computer system or device. local system or computer.

    Security Java applications are pretty trusted, and thus, Java applets are less reliable. So, they need to
    come with no security concerns. be safe.

    15
    When to use applets

    • When we need something dynamic to be


    included in the display of a Web page.
    • When we require some “flash” outputs.
    • When we want to create a program and make it
    available on the Internet for us by others on their
    computers.

    16

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