Integers

An integer come from the Latin integer meaning "whole“.

It should be noted that an integer can never be a fraction, a
decimal or a per cent.

Integers are the set of whole numbers and their opposites.

Whole numbers greater than zero are called positive.
Whole numbers less than zero are called negative.
Zero is neither positive nor negative and has no sign.

The symbol for integers is a ‘Z’ because of ‘Zahlen’, the

German word for integers or number.
Integers Properties
of Operations
 Closure property
The closure property of integers states that while performing any
operation such as (addition, subtraction, multiplication)
with two or more integers, the result of the operation is also
an integer.
3 and 4 are two integers, then (3+4) =7 is also an
integer.
3 and 4 are two integers, then (3−4) =−1 is also an
integer.
3 and 4 are two integers, then (3×4) =12 is also an
integer.
Important!
The result of the division of any two integers is not always an
integer.
 Identity property

Adding 0 (zero) and multiplying 1 (one) to any
integer will not change the result . This is called
the identity property of integers.
 Identity property of 1 Identity property of 0

Identity property of 1 (one) Identity property of 0 (zero)

says that any number says that any number
multiplied (or) divided by  added or subtracted with 0 
1 (one) remains the same. (zero) remains the same.

𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏=𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓+𝟎=𝟐𝟓
𝟗 ÷𝟏=𝟗 𝟐𝟓 −𝟎=𝟐𝟓
 Inverse property
Adding the opposite of a number to the same
number will equal to 0 (zero).
Inverse property of addition: 
For every integer (a) there exists
another opposite integer (−a) such
that: a Important!
+ (−a) = •Addition and subtraction are
03 + (−  inverse operations of each
other.
3) = 0
• Integers doesn't have
Additive inverse of a is −a. multiplicative inverses.
 Commutative property

Changing the order of the integers does not

change the value of the result . This is called
the commutative property of integers.

This property applies to addition and multiplication.

 Addition Multiplication

𝟐+𝟒=¿ 4 𝟖𝐱 𝟒=¿ 𝟒 𝐱 𝟖
𝟔= 𝟔 𝟑𝟐=𝟑𝟐

This property does not apply to subtraction and division.

 Associative property
Regrouping the integers does not change the value of
the sum or the result. This is called the associative
property.

While adding (or) multiplying three or more integers,
the change in grouping of the integers will not change
the result.
 This property applies only to operations such as
addition and multiplication.
( 𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟏 )+𝟏=𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟐+ ( 𝟏𝟏+𝟏 )=𝟐𝟒
( 𝟏𝟐+𝟏 ) +𝟏𝟏=𝟐𝟒
( 𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟏 )+𝟏=𝟏𝟐+ ( 𝟏𝟏+𝟏 )=( 𝟏𝟐+𝟏 )+𝟏𝟏=𝟐𝟒
( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟔 ) 𝒙 𝟑=𝟑𝟔
𝟐 𝒙 ( 𝟔 𝒙 𝟑 ) =𝟑𝟔
( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 ) 𝒙 𝟔=𝟑𝟔
( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟔 ) 𝒙 𝟑=𝟐 𝒙 ( 𝟔 𝒙 𝟑 )= (𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 ) 𝒙 𝟔=𝟑𝟔
 Distributive property
The distributive property is one of the most frequently
used properties in mathematics. This property lets
you multiply each addend separately and then add
the products.

This property is commonly associated with multiplication

operation over addition and subtraction.
 Distribution of Distribution of
multiplication multiplication
over addition over subtraction

𝟐 𝒙 ( 𝟑+𝟒 ) =¿ ( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 ) +¿( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟒 ) 𝟐 𝒙 ( 𝟑 −𝟒 )=¿ ( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 ) − ( 𝟐 𝒙 𝟒 )

𝟐 𝒙 𝟕=𝟔+𝟖 𝟐 𝒙 ( −𝟏 ) =𝟔 −𝟖

𝟏𝟒=𝟏𝟒 −𝟐=−𝟐
 Operations on Integers
Property Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
Closure Property

Identity Property of 0

Identity Property of 1

Inverse Property

Commutative Property

Associative Property

Distributive Property
 Express each numerical value as an integer.
1.Fuelwood consumption in −6 declined
rural areas declined by 6%.
2. The weather forecast predicted
rainfall in April to be 2 inches lower −2 lower
than normal.
3. A certain stock gained 9 points in one 9 gained
day.
4. The 1994 functional literacy rate of
the country grew by about 8 8 grew
percentage points from 1989
recorded data.
Arrange the following integers in ascending order.

−35 −2 14 48 56
 Addition of Integers
Adding integers having Add their absolute values and
the same signs attach the common sign to
the sum.
𝟑+𝟐=¿ 𝟓 ( −𝟑 ) + ( −𝟐 )=¿ −𝟓
 Addition of Integers
Adding integers with Subtract their absolute values and copy
unlike signs the sign of the integer with greater
absolute value to the sum.

𝟑+ ( −𝟐 ) =¿ 𝟏 ( −𝟑 ) +𝟐=¿ −𝟏
𝟑𝟔+ ( −𝟗 )=¿ +𝟐𝟕
𝟐𝟕 Subtract the smaller absolute value to
the bigger one
+¿ 𝟐𝟕 Attach the sign of integer with
greater absolute value to the sum
−𝟑𝟔+ ( − 𝟗 )=¿ −𝟒𝟓
𝟒𝟓 Add their absolute values
− 𝟒𝟓
Attach the common sign to the sum
( −𝟗 ) +𝟏𝟎+ (− 𝟏𝟏 ) =¿ −𝟏𝟎

( −𝟐𝟎 )+𝟏𝟎 Combine integers with the same sign

𝟏𝟎 Subtract 10 from 20

Attach the sign of integer

− 𝟏𝟎 with greater absolute value
1. 11. 21. 4
2. 4 12. 4 22. 7
3. -3 13. -3 23. 0
4. 9 14. -15 24. -3
5. -11 15. 6 25. 7
6. 7 16. -20 26. -15
7. 12 17. -5 27. -15
8. -8 18. -3 28. -3
9. -3 19. -8 29. 7
10. 1 20. -2 30. 16

THEY WANTED THE PRIZE TO HAVE APPEAL ( A PEEL )

 Subtraction of Integers
In subtracting integers, change the sign of the subtrahend,
then proceed to addition.
𝟓−𝟑=¿ Change the sign of
5
minuend
+¿ the subtrahend
subtrahend −3 Proceed to addition

2
Adding unlike signs subtract their absolute values and
attach the sign of the greater absolute value to the sum
𝟓 −𝟑 ¿ 𝟐
 Subtraction of Integers
In subtracting integers, change the sign of the subtrahend,
then proceed to addition.
−𝟓 − ( − 𝟐 )=¿ Change the sign of
−5 the subtrahend
+¿ 2 Proceed to addition

−3
Adding like signs add their absolute values and attach the
common sign to the sum
( −𝟓 ) − ( − 𝟐 ) ¿ −𝟑
 Subtraction of Integers
In subtracting integers, change the sign of the subtrahend,
then proceed to addition.
𝟑−𝟓=¿ Change the sign of
3
minuend
+¿ the subtrahend
subtrahend −5 Proceed to addition

−2
Adding unlike signs subtract their absolute values and
attach the sign of the greater absolute value to the sum
 𝟑 −𝟓 ¿ −𝟐

How can we subtract 5 from 3?

Identity property of 0 - any number
added with zero remains the same
 ( −𝟓 ) −𝟐 ¿ −𝟕

How can we subtract 2 from -5?

Identity property of 0 - any number

added with zero remains the same
 Subtraction of integers is the same as adding its opposite.

𝟑 − ( −𝟐 ) −𝟔=¿
Change to addition Opposite of

𝟑+𝟐 −𝟔=¿
𝟓 − 𝟔=¿
Change to addition Opposite of

𝟓+(− 𝟔)=¿ −𝟏
𝟑 − ( −𝟐 ) −𝟔=¿ −𝟏
 - -
-
-
- - -
-

HE BECAME THE BIGGEST LAMB DYER IN TEXAS

 Rules in Multiplying Integers
Multiplying two positive integers
always result in a positive integer.

Multiplying two negative integers

always result in a positive integer.

Multiplying a positive or negative

integer always result in a negative
integer.
 𝟑 ×𝟔=𝟏𝟖
−𝟑 ×− 𝟔=𝟏𝟖
𝟑 ×−𝟔=−𝟏𝟖
−𝟑 ×𝟔=−𝟏𝟖
 −𝟑 ×𝟔 ×𝟐=¿
−𝟏𝟖 ×𝟐=−𝟑𝟔
𝟑 ×−𝟔 ×− 𝟐=¿
−𝟏𝟖 ×− 𝟐=𝟑𝟔
−𝟑 ×− 𝟔× −𝟐=¿
𝟏𝟖 ×−𝟐=−𝟑𝟔
 Rules in Dividing Integers
Dividing two positive integers always
result in a positive integer.
+÷ +¿+¿
Dividing two negative integers always
result in a positive integer.
−÷ −=+¿
Dividing a positive or negative integer
+÷ −=−
always result in a negative integer.
− ÷ +¿ −
 𝟖 ÷𝟐=𝟒
−𝟖 ÷ −𝟐=𝟒
𝟖 ÷− 𝟐=−𝟒
−𝟖 ÷ 𝟐=−𝟒
 PEMDAS
Parentheses,
Exponents,
Multiplication and Division (from left to right),
Addition and Subtraction (from left to right).
2 𝟎+ ( 𝟐 ) (− 𝟒 ) ( 𝟐 ) ( −𝟑 ) + ( −𝟓 )( −𝟒 )

2 𝟎+ ( −𝟖 ) ( − 𝟔 ) + ( 𝟐𝟎 )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟒
( −𝟏𝟎 ) ÷ [ ( 𝟑 ) ( 𝟓 ) − ( 𝟓 ) ( 𝟐 ) ]

( − 𝟏𝟎 ) ÷ [ ( 𝟏𝟓 ) − ( 𝟏𝟎 ) ]

( −𝟏𝟎 ) ÷ 𝟓

−𝟐
[ ( −𝟒 )+ ( 𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 ) ] − ( − 𝟓 ) − 𝟕
𝟑

[ ( −𝟒 )+ ( 𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 ) ] − ( − 𝟓 ) − 𝟕
𝟑 ( −𝟓 ) ( −𝟓 ) ( −𝟓 )=−𝟏𝟐𝟓

[ ( −𝟒 )+ ( 𝟖 ÷ 𝟒 ) ] − ( − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 ) −𝟕
[ ( − 𝟒 )+ ( 𝟐 ) ] − ( − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 ) − 𝟕
−𝟐 − ( − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 ) −𝟕
Addition and Subtraction
(from left to right)

−𝟐+𝟏𝟐𝟓− 𝟕 Subtraction of integers is

simply adding its opposite

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