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Google Meet 10:00 AM • Mon, Oct.5 B

LESSON 1:THE MEANING AND METHOD OF DOING PHILOSOPHY

New meeting RYAN M. MELECOTONES

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LEARNNING OBJECTIVES B

 Discuss philosophy and its importance as

a discipline and a means for
understanding life
 Appreciate the value of philosophy in Are you ready?
daily life Ask to join Present

 Become philosophical in dealing with life

situation
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MOTIVATION

Question
Number 1:
How do you put
a giraffe in a
refrigerator?

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The correct answer is:

Open the refrigerator,
put in the giraffe and
close the door.

This question tests

whether you tend to do
simple things in an
overly complicated
way.

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Question
Number 2 :
How do you put
a elephant in a
refrigerator?

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Wrong answer: Open the refrigerator, put

in the elephant and close the refrigerator.

Correct answer is: Open the refrigerator,

take out the giraffe, put in the elephant
and close the door.

This tests your ability to think through the

repercussions of your actions.

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Question Number 3:
The Lion King is
hosting an animal
conference. All the
animals attend except
one. Which animal
does not attend?

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Correct answer is: The

ELEPHANT.

The Elephant is in the

refrigerator?
Remember?

This tests your memory.

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Question Number 4:
There is a river you must cross
but crocodiles inhibit it.
How do you manage it?

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Correct answer: You swim cross.

Why? All the crocodiles are
attending the Animal Conference.

This tests whether you learn

quickly from your mistakes.

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According to Andersen Consulting Worldwide,

90% of professional they tested got all
answers wrong,

but many preschoolers got several correct

answers.

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MOTIVATION

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What question about your life are
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ACTIVITY
Read and analyze the following conversation between a teacher and
student.
TEACHER: Juan, What would you like to be when
grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be happy?
Teacher: Juan, you did not understand my
question
Juan: Ma’am you don’t understand what is all
about!
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1. Do you think that Juan’s answer was appropriate for his

teachers’ question?
2. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his teachers’
question?
Insert Photo/Video
Here
3. Based on his responses, what kind of student do you
imagine Juan to be?

4. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you respond to

PROCESSING
him?
QUESTION 5. How is philosophy related to this situation?

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LESSON 1: The Meaning of Philosophy

PHILOSOPHY - Greek words : PHILOS

(LOVE) and SOPHIA (WISDOM) which use
by ancient Greeks to refer to “LOVE OF
WISDOM” and soon applied to the study or PHILOSOPERS – are people who engage in
discipline that uses human reason to philosophy o “lovers of wisdom.
investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and
principle of govern all things

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PHILOSOPHERS

PYTHAGORAS - a
Mathematician and scientist,
credited the Pythagorean
Theorem.
- Established a community of
learners devoted to the study of
religion and philosophy

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PHILOSOPHERS

HERACLITUS - proposed that

everything that exists is based on
a higher or plan which he called
“logos”
- Change is permanent aspect of
the human condition. “No man
never steps in same river twice”

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PHILOSOPHERS

DEMOCRITUS - study the

cause of natural phenomena
- Was among the first to propose
that matter is composed of tiny
particles

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PHILOSOPHERS
DIOGENES OF SINOPE - a known
advocate of living a simple and virtuous
life.
- One should not only talk of virtue
but should show it in words and
actions.
- His emphasis on austerity and
simplicity often went to the extreme
and was said to have like a beggar.

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PHILOSOPHERS

EPICURUS - philosophy could enable

man to live a life of happiness.
- His views gave rise to
EPICUREANISM – a school of
philosophy which believes that
wisdom and simple living will result
in a life of fear and pain.

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PHILOSOPHERS
SOCRATES - considered the foremost
philosopher of ancient times.
- He did not claim to be “wise” and
merely considered himself a “midwife”
that helped inquiring minds achieve
wisdom
– Socratic Method - a means of examining
a topic by devising a series of questions that
let the learner examine and analyze his
knowledge and views regarding the test.

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PHILOSOPHERS

PLATO - student of Socrates, his teachings

and writings considered the foundation of
Western Philosophy.
- Dialectic – a method of inquiry where two
opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt
to arrive at new knowledge.
– Academy – an institute of higher learning
which has the first in Western Word..

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PHILOSOPHERS
ARISTOTLE - attended in Academy,
student of Plato
- All ideas and views are based on
perception and our reality is based on what
we can see and perceived.
– studied logic that led to the formulation of
a formal process of analyzing reasoning which
gave rise to deductive reasoning – the
process of which specific statements are
analyzed to reach a conclusion or
generalization.

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We all have the potential to philosophize since we

Insert
have the tendency to wonder and doubt. We Photo/Video
possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences, Here

and we have never ending need to learn and

discover. The need to philosophize is traced to
person’s sense of wonder (Plato) and doubt (Rene Insert
Descartes, the need to make sense of challenging Photo/Video
Here
experiences, (Karl Jasper), and love of wisdom.

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BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
 Logic
 Metaphysics
 Epistemology
 Ethics
 Aesthetics
 Political

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LOGIC
Reasoning is the concern of the logician
which the principles of valid inference and Insert Photo/Video
Here
correct reasoning.

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METAPHYSICS
An extension of a fundamental necessary
drive in every human being to know what Insert Photo/Video
Here
is real.

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EPISTEMOLOGY
Deals with nature, sources, limitations
and validity of knowledge. Insert Photo/Video
Here

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ETHICS
Branch of philosophy that exposes the
nature of moral virtue and evaluates Insert Photo/Video
Here
human actions.

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AESTHETICS
Science of the beautiful in its various
manifestations including sublime, cosmic, Insert Photo/Video
Here
tragic, pathetic and ugly.

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POLITICAL
Studies governments and deals with
question of justice, power and the rights Insert Photo/Video
Here
and obligations of citizens.

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 Logic
 Metaphysics
 Epistemology
 Ethics
 Aesthetics
 Political

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Holistic Thinking
Refers to a perspective that considers
large-scale patterns in systems. This of
often described as looking at the “big
picture” when describing and analyzing a
situation or problem.

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Partial Thinking
Focuses on specific aspects of a situation
and focuses on a certain areas o aspects
of a problem in order to understand it.

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Reflection
Requires a person to be willing to
examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and
action and to learn more about one’s life
and experiences. One can reflect on
almost any subject.

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ANALYSIS

1. What is Philosophy?
2. Why is there need to philosophize?
3. How do you characterize the study of
philosophy?
4.What are the practical uses of philosophy in life?
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