PRESENTATION ON VARIOUS TYPE OF GENERATION (SPECIALLY COAL FIRED, GAS

TURBAN & HFO POWER PLANT) AND OVERALL POWER MANAGEMENT

SCENERIO OF BANGLADESH

Presented by: GROUP 5

Dipta Kumar Ghoshe
Md.Raufuzzaman

A.B.M Arafat Hossain

Mobasshir Al Rafi
Pritu Parna Sarker
Md.Rakibur Rahman
Md.Toufiq Sarker
Rabeya Bosrin Rumi
Sadik Mahmud Fahim
Md.Shamim -AL-Mamun 1
 Visited Sites

The sites we visited

1.Bangladesh Power Development Board Training Center

2.Katakhali 50 MW Peaking Power Plant (HFO Based)
3.Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant (525MW)
4.Baghabari Gas Turbine Power Plant (171MW)

2
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Power system
• Generation
• Transmission
• Distribution

Fig-1: Generation to Transmission to Distribution

3
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Power Plant
 A power plant is basically an industrial location that is utilized for the generation and
distribution of electric power in mass scale.

Types Of Power Plant

 Base load power plant

 Pick load power plant

4
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

One Exceptional Power Plant

Rental Power Plant

 Rental power plant are set up to meet short term

and emergency requirements of a country.

 Katakhali Power Plant

5
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant
Katakhali 50 MW peaking power plant

Fig- 2: Single line diagram of Katakhali power plant

  6
Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant
Summary of This Power Plant
Location Katakhali , Rajshahi
Capacity 50MW
No. of Unit 6
Capacity of Each Unit 8.7
Production of Each Unit 7.8
Type of Liquid Fuel Heavy Fuel Oil
Evacuation Voltage 132KV
Operating Voltage Range +10% , -20%
Manufacture Man Turbo Engine By Germany
Operating Frequency 50Hz(±3%)
Power Factor 0.8
Generator Voltage 11KV
Service Voltage 0.4KV
Type of Machine 18V32/40 MAN Engine 7
Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant
Generator Information
Number of Generator 6

Generator Apparent Power 11,155 KVA

Rated Power Factor 0.8

Nominal Voltage 11 KV

Rated Current 585 A

Voltage Adjustment Range ±5%

Frequency 50Hz

Speed 750 rpm

Over Speed 900 rpm

Cooling Method Air

8
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant
Transformer
 A transformer is a static piece of apparatus by
which electric power in one circuit is
transformed into electric power of the same
frequency in another circuit .

In power plant……

 Used 3 single phase step-up transformer

(11kv/132kv)
 Each transformer rating 25 MVA and total 75
MVA .But after losing there exist 50 MVA

Fig-3: Single phase transformers

 
9
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant
Fuel Supply System
 Storage Tank
 Strainers
 Fuel Transfer Pump
 All Day Fuel Tank

Fuel Types
 Diesel Oil (LFO)
 Furnace Oil (HFO)

Diesel Oil
• Low Viscosity
• High cost
Furnace Oil
• High Viscosity Fig-4: Fuel Supply system
• Low cost

10
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Air Intake System

Consists of……..
 Pipes
 Filters

 The system supplies necessary air to the

engine for fuel combustion .
 Furnace Oil is Used for combustion.

Fig-5: Air Pressure

11
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Cooling System
Consists of……..

 Water source
 Pump
 Cooling Towers

 The hot water is cooled by cooling towers

and is recirculated for cooling.
 For cooling water furnace oil(55-60)°C is
used. Fig-6: Cooling Arrangements

12
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Demineralizing

o Required particularly for

boiler feed purposes.
o Mainly used to protect
equipment from corrosion.

Fig-7: Demineralizing
13
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Busbar Arrangement
 Bus-Bars are copper rods or thin walled tubes and
operate at constant voltage
 Bus-Bars are used as the common electrical component

Types:
 Single Bus-Bar system
 Single bus bar system with
sectionalization
 Duplicate bus-bar system Fig-8: Busbar Arrangement

14
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Potential Transformer (P.T)

A step-down Transformer
Used to control large value of
voltage
Used for measuring purposes

Fig-9: Potential Transformer

15
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Current Transformer(C.T)
A step-up Transformer
Used to provide the input to
high voltage protection
Used for measuring purposes

Fig-10: Current Transformer

16
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Sulphur Hexaflouride (SF6) Circuit Breakers

SF6 gas…
 Electro-negative
 High electron affinity
 Used as arc quenching medium

In Katakhali 50MW peaking power plant,

o 132 kV circuit breaker [3 phase trip, Dead Tank
type] is used
Fig-11: SF6 Circuit Breaker

17
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Isolator

 designed to open a circuit under no load.

 desired to disconnect a part of the
system for general maintenance and
repairs.
 Always opened after Circuit Breaker
and closed before Circuit Breaker.

Fig-12: Isolators

18
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Lighting Arresters

 A lightning arrester or a surge

diverter is a protective device which
conducts the high voltage surges on
the power system to the ground

Fig-13: Lighting Arrester

19
 Heavy Fuel Oil Based Power Plant

Digital Control Room

 Whole system can be

controlled by manually or
digitally.
 Updated performance can be
seen from this room.

Fig -14 : Digital control room of katakhali power plant

20
Barapukuria Coal
Fired Thermal Power
Station

21
 Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Station

• Coal fired power plants also known as coal fired power

stations are facilities that burn coal to make steam in order
to generate electricity.

• Barapukuria Power Station is one of that kind.

• It was commissioned in 2006 & is operated by Bangladesh Power

Development Board (BPDB).

22
 Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

The Power Station have 3 units of following capacity-

Unit # 1 = 125 MW
Unit # 2 = 125 MW
Unit # 3 = 275 MW

Total: 525 MW

23
 Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant

The Power Station have 3 units of following capacity-

Unit # 1 = 125 MW
Unit # 2 = 125 MW
Unit # 3 = 275 MW

Total: 525 MW

24
 Coal Consumption

Unit # 1 = 1200 M. Ton

Unit # 2 = 1200 M. Ton
Unit # 3 = 2600 M. Ton

Total for all units : 5000 M. Ton ( Approx )

25
 Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant (3 rd Unit)

Specifications Quantity
Technology: Sub-Critical
Used Coal : Bituminous Coal (Barapukuria Coal Mine,
GCV=6200 KCal/Kg)
Rated Main Steam Pressure : 16.7 MPa
Rated Main Steam Temperature 537oC
Rated Main Steam Flow 934 T/H
Gross Capacity 300 MW
Net Capacity 274 MW
Rated Coal Flow 110 T/H
Rated Max. Gross Efficiency 38%
Coal Per Unit Generation 0.37 Kg/KWh
Fuel Cost Per Unit Generation 4.19 Tk/KWh

26
 Barapukuria Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant (3 rd Unit)

Specifications Quantity
Technology: Sub-Critical
Used Coal : Bituminous Coal (Barapukuria Coal Mine,
GCV=6200 KCal/Kg)
Rated Main Steam Pressure : 16.7 MPa
Rated Main Steam Temperature 537oC
Rated Main Steam Flow 934 T/H
Gross Capacity 300 MW
Net Capacity 274 MW
Rated Coal Flow 110 T/H
Rated Max. Gross Efficiency 38%
Coal Per Unit Generation 0.37 Kg/KWh
Fuel Cost Per Unit Generation 4.19 Tk/KWh

27
 Characteristics of Coal

Characteristics of Coal that is used in Barapukuria Power Plant -

Type: Bituminous Coal
Components Quantities

Fixed carbon 48.4%

Volatile Matter 29.2%
Ash 12.4%
Total Moisture 10%
Gross Calorific Value 6200 – 7000 KCal/ Kg
Total Sulpher 0.53%
28
 Technical Data
For Unit 1 & 2

GENERATOR UNIT TRANSFORMER

Rating:13.8 KV/230 KV
Type: QFS –125-2
Rated Capacity (KVA): 156250 MVA: 156.25 MVA, Oil Filled
Active Power (KW): 125000 Cooling System: ONAF
Stator voltage (KV): 13.8 Three Phase
Stator Current (A): 6537 Manufacturer : Baoding Tianwei Baodian Eectric Co. Ltd.
Rotor Current (A): 1750 (627No load)
Rotor Voltage (V): 275 (88 No load)
Speed (RPM) : 3000
Manufacturer : Shanghai Turbine Generator Co.
Ltd

29
 Technical Data

For Unit 3
GENERATOR UNIT TRANSFORMER

Rating: 20 KV/230 KV,

Model: QFSN–300-2 MVA: 3×125 MVA, Oil immersed
Rated Capacity (MVA): 375 Cooling System: ONAF
Active Power (MW): 300
Single Phase
Stator voltage (KV): 20
Stator Current (A): 10825.3
Rotor Current (A): 2764
Rotor Voltage (V): 357
Speed (RPM) : 3000
Cooling System: Water & Hydrogen
Manufacturer : Harbin Generator Co. Ltd.

30
 FLOW DIAGRAM OF POWER PRODUCTION OF
COAL BASED THERMAL POWER STATION

HOT AIR

COAL COAL STEAM ROTOR

POWDER BOILER TURBINE GENERATOR
PULVERIZER

TRANSFORMER
COAL CONVEYER
13.8/20 KV
COAL to
CRUSHER 230 KV

MAGNETIC
COAL MINE
SEPERATOR COAL CONVEYER

31
 Coal Mine

• Coal used in the thermal

power plant is hefted
from Barapukuria coal
mine.
• The hefted coal is
transported to the power
plant by road.

32
Fig 16 coal mine
 Coal Storage
• The coal used in the
power plant are stored
here.

Why??
• Matter of protection
against coal strike or
failure of transportation
system.

** But due to volatile

material it can be stored
for max. 7 to 10 days.

33
Fig 17 coal storage
 Magnetic Separator
 Magnetic separator is a
device that uses a magnet
to remove impurities and
other magnetic materials.

 Why it is used??
• It is used to remove the
magnetic materials that
are extracted with coal as
impurities.
• If it is not done, the
impurities will damage the
other accessories.
Fig 18 Magnetic Seperator 34
 Coal Conveyer

 Belt conveyers help in the

transportation of large volume of coal
over a long distance.

Fig 19 coal conveyer 35

 Coal Crusher & Pulverizer

 Coal (generally of 400mm) is

pulverized i.e crushed into
small pieces (25 mm ) here.

 Why??
• In order to increase the
surface exposure.
• Thus promoting rapid
combustion without using
large quality of excess air.

Fig 20 coal crusher 36

Coal Control Room

37
Fig 21 coal control room
 Boiler

 It is a steam generating part.

 The heat of combustion of coal in

the boiler is utilized to convert
water into steam at high
temperature and pressure.

38
Fig 22 boiler
 Boiler Proper

1. Boiler Drum
2. Water Wall
3. Super Heater
4. Re-Heater
5. Economizer
6. Coal Burner
7. Oil Burner

39
 Boiler Auxiliary

1. FD Fan
2. ID Fan
3. PA Fan
4. Coal Mill
5. Seal Air Fan
6. Scan Fan
7. Air Pre heater

40
 Turbine
 The dry and superheated steam is fed
to the steam turbine.

 The heat energy of steam when

passing over the blades of turbines is
converted into mechanical energy.

Fig 23 turbine 41
 Turbine Blades

Fig 23: Rotating Blade

Fig 24: Stationary Blades
42
 Generator

 The steam turbine is coupled to

a generator.

 The generator converts

mechanical energy of turbine
into electrical energy.

 The electrical output from the

generator is delivered to the
busbars through transformer,
circuit breakers and isolators.

Fig 24 generator
43
Electrical Arrangement

Fig 25: electrical arrangement 44

 Cooling Arrangement

 The condensate from the

condenser is used as feed
water to the boiler.

 In order to improve the

efficiency of the plant, the
steam exhausted from the
turbine in condensed
using this cooling
arrangement.

Fig 26: cooling arrangement

45
Control Room

46
Fig 27: control room
 Gas turbine based power plant
Baghabari power station is one of the largest
power station in Bangladesh. It is situated in
Sirajganj district. It is a gas turbine power plant
whose total generation capacity, 171 MW is
generated by two units. Unit-1 generates 100
MW and unit-2 generates 71 MW. It is a base
load power plant which is regulated by
Bangladesh power development board (BPDB).
The Alstom Company built 71 MW unit in 1991
and Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd. built 100 MW
in 2001.

Fig:28 Baghabari Power Station

47
 Gas turbine based power plant
Generation Process:
A starting motor is used to start the compressor shaft and air enters the compressor. Then
air is mixed with gas (natural gas) and goes to the combustion chamber. The mixture of air
and gas ignites into the combustion chamber and goes to the turbine. A rotor is connected
with turbine and rotates the generator. In Fig (2) the block diagram of gas turbine power
plant is shown below:

Fig: 29 Brayton cycle for gas turbine power plant

48
 Gas turbine based power plant
Startinting Motor:Starting motor is used to start the compressor. Starting motor and
compressor are coupled through fluid coupling. Starting motor runs till 75% of
rated speed and then it automatically gets disconnected

Fig 30:: Starting Motor 49

 Gas Turbine based power plant
Compressor: Compressor is one of the major parts of Brayton-cycle. At first, filters receive the air and refine
it. Fresh atmospheric air flows through compressor. The pressure and temperature of inlet air is raised to 10 kg/m 2 and
300 degree celcius, respectively in the compressor. An additional gas booster is used here to maintain the gas pressure.

Fig 31: Inlet air filter receive the air

Compressor needs 60% of consumption power to operate itself. Compressor pressurizes the air and transfers that
50
to the combustion chamber.
 Gas turbine based power plant
Combustion Chamber:
When combustion chamber gets the compressed air, gas and air is started to burn in the combustion
chamber. Here, the gas is natural gas. During this combustion, the ratio of air and gas is 10:1 and huge
amount of heat is produced. In combustion chamber, there are 14 burners and each burner have an igniter.
By spraying fuel into the air, igniter ignites it and generates a high-temperature flow.

Fig 32: Burner of combustion chamber

51
 Gas Turbine based power plant
Turbine:Turbine is a mechanical device whose wheels or rotors
are fitted with vanes. Turbine transfers rotational energy from a
fluid medium. Turbine has a turbo machine that is connected with
the rotor assembly. The turbine blades contain of moving fluid so
that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor.There are
different types of turbines. Those are steam turbine (e.g.,impulse
turbine, reaction turbine), gas turbine (e.g.,open cycle gas turbine,
and closed cycle gas turbine), water turbine and wind turbine. In
Baghabari power plant, gas turbine is used. Turbine is coupled with
upstream rotating compressor and downstream combustion
chamber in a shaft. Gas turbine is known as combustion turbine.
When high temperature and high pressure gas enters into the
Fig 33: Turbine and combustion chamber is
turbine, it expands and do the mechanical work. There are three coupled through a Shaft
stages in gas turbine, these are high pressure turbine, medium
52
pressure turbine and low-pressure turbine.
 Gas turbine based power plant
Generator :Generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is called
synchronous generator because rotor rotates at synchronous speed (NS), which is defined as
Ns=120*f/P
Where f=frequency
P=no of poles
A synchronous generator can be either single phase or poly-phase. Due to many technical and
economic advantages, 3-phase power is produced and therefore 3-phase alternator is used.

Fig 34: Generator of Baghabari gas turbine power plant

53
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Specification:
Content Unit 02 Unit 01
Capacity 100 MW 71 MW

Model PG 9171E PG 9111B

Frame size 9 9

Rated capacity 17×104 HP 11×104 HP

Shaft Single Single

Version E B

RPM 3000 3000

Control system Mark V Mark VI

Generated voltage 11 KV 11 KV

54
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Auxiliary System:
The auxiliary system of a power plant is mainly used to
maintain the plant. The auxiliary components of system
are described in next section.
An auxiliary transformer is used to supply power to
auxiliary equipments of a power plant. It is a step down
transformer. Power station always gets power from own
system as well as from the grid. If the power plant is shut
down, plant takes power from the grid to protect the whole
system. In Baghabari power plant, a 3-phase 11/0.4 KV
transformer is used to supply auxiliary power to system.
Fig 35:Auxiliary Transformer of Baghabari gas turbine
There also two instrument transformers that are connected power plant
with its substation for protection. These are,current
Transformer (CT) and potential Transformer (PT).
55
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Control System :Control system is
the most essential part for any power plant.
Faults and abnormalities are detected by
control system. During the startup period of
the power plant, it is monitored for avoiding
any uncertain situation. Each system has two
modes, one is auto and the other is manual.
Automatic control system is mainly
programmable logic (PLC) based system.
When any kinds of fault occur, control
system detects this fault automatically

Fig 36: Control panel of Baghabari gas

turbine power plant
56
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Hydraulic Oil System

Hydraulic oil system is used to maintain the oil pressure. It contains inlet guide van (IGV), gas control
valve (GCV), atomizing air system and trip circuit. If the hydraulic oil pressure decreases to the
minimum limit then auxiliary hydraulic pump automatically operates.
Jacking Oil System
Jacking oil system is used in 71 MW unit which operates in turbine shaft. It consists of two pump, ac
and dc. When ac pump fails then dc pump starts automatically. To avoid the thermal shock, rotor rotates
slowly up to 24 hours even after the system shuts down.
Lube Oil System

Lubricating oil is another auxiliary system. Lubricating oil is supplied by three types of pumps, these
are main lube oil pump, auxiliary lube oil pump and emergency lube oil pump.

57
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Main lube oil pump operates in running condition. Emergency lube oil pump operates when pressure falls.

Fig 37: Lubricating oil tank of Baghabari gas turbine power plant
58
 GAS TURBINE BASED
POWER PLANT

Cooling System: Cooling system

is one of the most important part of a power
station. Equipments may get damaged due
to overheating only. So, cooling must be
needed for protecting the system. The types
of cooling systems of Baghabari gas turbine
power plants are described next.
Water Cooling System : Water cooling
system is used to cool down the lube oil
pump. Demi (De mineralized) water is used
in water cooling system. It consists of water
circulating pump (AC), radiator and cooling
fan. After absorbing heat from the lube oil, Fig 38: Water treatment plant of Baghabari gas turbine power
heated water is circulated through the plant
radiator.
59
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Air Cooling System:

In Baghabari gas turbine power plant, air cooling is

used to cool down the generator and the turbine.
Several fans are placed between turbine and
generator, that carried out the heat away. When air
cooling mode is activated, in compressor cycle air
carries out the heat and cools down the system. Air
moves around turbine and generator, and heat is
exchanged with air.

Fig 39: Air cooling fan of Baghabari gas

turbine power plant 60
 GAS TURBINE BASED
POWER PLANT
Protection System: System
protection must be needed to maintain
safety of all equipments of power plant.
Any type of accident can create huge
damage. Control room is used for
monitoring the system, where protection
of the system is also monitored by using
relays and circuit breakers. If any fault is
occurred in any equipment, the system
trips immediately within a fraction of a Fig 40: Voltmeter and
second. Voltmeter, ammeter and frequency meter Fig 41: Different time relay
frequency meter are also used for
controlling the voltage drop, current
flow and frequency of the system.

61
GAS TURBINE BASED POWER PLANT

Fig 42: single line diagram

62
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Sub Station:
1.Transformer : It is mainly
used to step up the
generation voltage from 11kv
to 132kv.The rated active
power is 35MW

Fig 43:Transformer(step up)

63
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Tap changing machine:
It is use to change the
secondary voltage or
output voltage by
changing the position of
tapping.

Fig 44 Tap changing macine

64
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT

Current Transformer:
●A step-up Transformer
●Used to provide the input to
high voltage protection
●Used for measuring
purposes

Fig 45 current transformer

65
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT

Current Transformer:
●A step-up Transformer
●Used to provide the input to
high voltage protection
●Used for measuring
purposes

Fig 46 current transformer

66
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Potential Transformer:
1.A step-down
Transformer
2.Used to control large
value of voltage
3.Used for measuring
purposes

Fig 47 Potential Transformer

67
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Heavy Fuel Oil Based
Power Plant
SF6 Circuit Breaker
Sulphur Hexaflouride
(SF6) Circuit Breakers
SF6 gas…
●Electro-negative
●High electron affinity
Fig 48 Circuit breaker

68
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT

Isolator:
●designed to open a circuit
under no load.
●desired to disconnect a
part of the system for
general maintenance and
repairs.
●Always opened after
Circuit Breaker and closed
before Circuit Breaker Fig 49 Isolator

69
 GAS TURBINE BASED POWER
PLANT
Busbar arrangement:
1.It is used to connect the load
side and generation side ata
single point
2.Three phase busbar connection
is used.
3.Each phase has 2 wires to
connect with the national grid.

Fig 50: Bus bar arrangement

70
 GAS TURBINE BASED
POWER PLANT
Control System:
1.Total system
has been
monitoring
through monitor.
2.Plc based
control system is
used

Fig 23 Various control

system

71
Thank You

72