TYPES OF

SPEECH ACT
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 A speech act is an utterance that serves a
function in communication. We perform
speech acts when we offer an apology,
greeting, request, complaint, invitation,
compliment, reprisal, or any other similar
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function.
 THREE KINDS OF
SPEECH ACT
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 L
O LOCUTION
C Act is the performance of an
U utterance; phonology, syntax
and semantics. This is the
T
literal or semantic meaning
I
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of the message,
O
N
 L
O ILLOCUTI
C ON
Act is the intended action of
the utterance; pragmatics. This
U
is the intention of the speaker.
T
I
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O
N
 L
O PER
C LOCUTION
Act is its actual effect;
U persuading, inspiring, asking,
and so on. This is how the
T message was perceived by the
I
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listener.

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O
N
 FIVE TYPES OF
SPEECH ACT
SLIDESMANIA
 ASSERTIVE
S- are utterances that tell how things are in the world.
They are representations of reality. It is speech act that
commits the speaker to the truth of a preposition; true
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or false. These are in the form of statements,

descriptions, classification, explanation and
clarification.
 DIRECTIV
ES
are attempts by the speaker to get the listener do
something. Correct used of directives must always
refer to the future voluntary acts and not impossible to
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do. They are said to obey or disobey. These are in the

form or orders, commands, request and reference to
pleading, begging, praying, insisting and suggesting.
 COMMISIV
ES
- are utterances that commit a speaker to some
voluntary action. They reveal the intention of the
speaker. Commissives are in the form of vows, threats,
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pledges, guarantees, contracts, promises, covenants

and oaths.
 EXPRESSIV
ES
- are utterances representing psychosocial attitudes.
It reveals the speaker’s emotion towards a
particular preposition. Expressive include thanking,
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apologizing congratulating and welcoming.

 DECLARATI
ONS
- are the foundations of human civilization. These
are utterances that change the world in the form of
social and political transformation.
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 SPEECH ACTS CAN BE
PERFORMED
DIRECTLY OR
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INDIRECTLY
 DIRECT
SPEECH
act is explained with the grammatical structure
(performative verb) it most naturally takes. It requires
a good motif for the situation. However, being too
direct when stating one’s opinion might sound
insulting especially to listeners who are particular to
social status.
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 INDIRECT
act is
explains
SPEECH
defined with interrogative structure. It
the relationship between the actual words
spoken and the speaker’s intention.
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