TANKERS

Supervised by:
Mrs CHOUKRY Prepared by:
MOUHTADI ZAKARIA
JLILAT ASMAE
IBISSOU SAID
 PLAN
 Definition.

 Types.

 Construction.

 Tanker capacity.

 Conclusion.
 DEFINITION
A tank ship or tankship, often referred
to as a tanker, is a
ship designed to transport liquids in
bulk.
 TYPES
Major types of tankers include:
 Oil tanker
 TYPES
 Chemical tanker
 TYPES
 the liquefied natural gas carrier
 CONSTRUCTION
Carrying bulk liquids in earlier ships
posed several problems:

The holds: on timber ships the holds

were not sufficiently water, oil or air-
tight to prevent a liquid cargo from
spoiling or leaking. The development of
iron and steel hulls solved this problem.
 CONSTRUCTION
Free Surface Effect: Describes the
effect a large surface area of liquid in
a ship will have on the stability of that
ship. Liquids in casks posed no
problem, but one tank across the
beam of a ship could pose a stability
problem. Extensive sub-division of
tanks solved this problem.
TANKER CAPACITY
Tankers used for liquid fuels are classified
according to their capacity.
In 1954 Shell Oil developed the (AFRA)
system which classifies tankers of different
sizes. To make it an independent
instrument, Shell consulted the (LTBP).
TANKER CAPACITY
At first, they divided the groups as
General Purpose for tankers under
25,000  tons deadweight (DWT); Medium
Range for ships between 25,000 and
45,000 DWT and Large Range for the
then-enormous ships that were larger than
45,000 DWT. The ships became larger
during the 1970s, and the list was
extended;
• 10,000–24,999 DWT: General Purpose
tanker
• 25,000–44,999 DWT: Medium Range
tanker
• 45,000–79,999 DWT: Large Range 1
(LR1)
• 80,000–159,999 DWT: Large Range
2 (LR2)
• 160,000–319,999 DWT: Very Large
Crude Carrier (VLCC)
• 320,000–549,999 DWT: Ultra Large
Crude Carrier (ULCC)
Length:458.45 m(1,504.10 ft)

Beam:68.8 m (225.72 ft)

Depth:29.8 m(97.77 ft)

Capacity:564,650 DWT
 CONCLUSION
This type of ships has a crucial rule
concerning a world commercial
exclhanges. So, tankers are not
famousonly for this rule, but, they are also
famous for their environmental risks.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION