Recent improvements in CI

engine combustion
Cyril Binoy
Hussain Mithi
Vishnu Hari
Ahlia Mariam
 Table of contents

◦ Introduction
◦ Methods
▫ Homogeneous charge compression ignition
▫ Change in injection strategies
▫ Thermal stratification ignition
▫ Use of alcohol fuel blends
Introduction
Methods
HCCI
HCCI is the combustion method for achieving both CO2
reduction and clean exhaust using auto-ignition of
gasoline, as in a diesel engine.
Eg: Nissan and Stanford University are developing this
technology for commercial use.
Technology for Measuring Gas Temperature
inside Combustion Chamber
As the ignition mechanism for HCCI combustion does not depend on spark
plugs, it is necessary to control the auto-ignition timing and combustion
duration. Nissan has newly developed technology to accurately simulate HCCI
three-dimensionally.
VVEL

To control the gas temperature inside the combustion

chamber, it is necessary to change the amount of
residual exhaust gas accordingly to driving
conditions. Nissan uses VVEL, which allows free-
control of the valve timing and lift, for both intake
and exhaust valves, to control temperature by
effectively using internal EGR.
Hybrid Engine
Results and conclusions

For the other emissions studied (NOx, HC, CO, and CO2), the
difference in emissions between the hot and cold start is
noticeable only in the early stages of the non-road transient
cycle (NRTC) (0–600s).
More emissions are generated in the early stage since the
lower temperature in the cylinder, coolant, and lubricating oil
consume more BSFC (higher in the cold start due to poorer
atomization in cylinder wall temperature, resulting in
insufficient combustion)
EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION STRATEGIES
ON NOx EMMISIONS AND BSFC

The main problems to address :

1)BSFC –Brake specific fuel

consumption

2) NOx emissions

Experimental Set up
Thermally Stratified Compression Ignition

◦ What is LTC
◦ What is TSCI
The Experimental Configuration

• Production gasoline SI 2.0L General Motors

(type LNF) engine.
• Only cylinder #4 was used
• Compression Ratio increased
• Testing done at 2000 rpm
The Findings

• Three cases
Emissions data
Use of Alternate fuel blends

• Why alcohol blends?

• Greater stability
• Uses less time

• Experimental Setup
• Engine used
• Rotational speed
• Alcohols used
• Load conditions
Combustion characteristics
NOx Emission characteristics
HCCI TSI

● What is HCCI ● What is TSI and LTC

● VVEL ● Effect on Combustion parameters
● Effect on emissions ● Effect on NOx emissions

Change of Injection Use of alternate fuel blends

strategies
● Different strategies ● Pentanol, octanol, PODE
● Effect on BSFC ● Effect on combustion parameters
● Effect on NOx emissions ● Effect on Nox emissions
 References

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