Project Management

Dr. Olushola Kolawole (OAK)

1 25/12/22
 The objectives of this session are for you to…

• Recognise a project is a set of activities which pursues a defined goal

and uses a defined set of resources

• Understand why should organisations identify stakeholders?

• Recognise the importance of WBS and CPA

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 Project & Project Management

Project Project management

- brings together and optimise the resources
to complete the project
• is a special event that produce
something new and have a specific
start and end

• is carried out to meet established Material

goals within cost, schedule and Manpower
performance constraints
Money

Information, system and technologies

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 Project management is a process

4
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 The Triple Constraints
Constraints: Iron Triangle or project triangle

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 The Triple Constraints
A successfully managed project is one
completed:

Performance
• At the specified level of specification
• On or before the time schedule

Sp • Within budget
e cif
i ca
tio
n

Tim
e

e
ul

st Bu
ed

Co dg
h
Sc

et

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 Differentiating projects by scale,
complexity and uncertainty

Define the boundary of the project and

confirms common understanding of the
project scope amongst the stakeholders

Source: Slack N, Chambers S & Johnston R

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 Tools and techniques?

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 Tools and techniques?
Tools and techniques at each stage of the project process:

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 Tools and techniques?
Tools and techniques at each stage of the project process:

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 Who is a stakeholder?
• “Stakeholders are individuals, groups or organisations who may
affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by the
decision activity or outcome of a project”. By Project management
Institutes

• Primary stakeholders: • Internal

are those that stand to be directly
affected, either positively or negatively
• Secondary stakeholders:
are those that indirectly affected, either
positively or negatively
• Key stakeholders:
are those who can have a positive or
negative effect on the first two groups,
e.g., government officials, policy makers,
those who can influence others, etc.
– Steering committees, owners, managers,
employees
• External
– Suppliers, vendors, competitors, partners,
contractors, customers, public at large, etc.
• Authority
– Internal stakeholders who lead the
implementation of the project
– External high influencers, e.g. government,
regulators, auditors

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 How project are planned?

• Identify activities
• Estimate time and resources
• Identify relationships and dependencies
• Identify schedule constraints
• Fix the schedule

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 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• Is the starting point for planning all the three constraints:
performance, cost and time
• The purpose of WBS is to subdivide the scope of work into
manageable work packages that can be estimated, planned and
assigned to a responsible person or department for completion
• The breakdown should group similar work together to improve
productive efficiency.

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 An example-Asia Link project
• Background Information: • Participants:
• EU supports project the postgraduate students and
• Cooperative research between Higher education academic staff from NTU, LUT,
institutions in EU and Asia and CQU
• Mechanical engineering and Manufacturing
engineering • Activity:
• Objectives: – Student exchange program
• to enhance the quality of the participating research – Postgraduate school
student’s research experience – Web-based collaborative
• to provide a good general training environment as well environment
as specialized facilities supports from both home and
host universities
• to expose students to a different cultural working
research environment

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 WBS- Structure
Graphically in boxes: the Scope of work is Text indents: each level is tabbed to represent its
graphically present level in the hierarchy

1.0.0 Asia-Link Project

1.1.0 Exchange program
1.1.1 Technical supports
1.1.2 Culture study
1.2.0 Postgraduate school
1.2.1 Lecture
1.2.2 Seminar
1.3.0 Software bank
1.3.1 Collaborative design
1.3.2 Allocate remote resources

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 WBS Roll-up
• is used to roll project costs for budget planning and control
purposes.
260,000

180,000 30,000 50,000

150,000 30,000 15,000 35,000

20,000 10,000

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 Assign Responsibility
• Is a key function achieved through the
interface between the work breakdown and
organisation breakdown

Project risks and uncertainty

The WBS structure should reflect the level of risk and uncertainty,
Where the level of risk is high the WBS can be subdivided further to
generate more information and thus reduce the risk.
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 Critical Path Analysis

The critical path method (CPM) is a technique

where you identify tasks that are necessary for
project completion and determine scheduling
flexibilities

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 Critical Path Analysis

What tasks must be carried out?

What must be done before this activity can start?
What can be done once this activity finishes?
Where parallel activity can be performed?

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 Core ideas
• Project management is the activity of defining, planning,
managing, allocating, and allocating resources.

• All projects have stakeholders, and stakeholders have different

interests and priorities. 

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 Activity
• Identify a project of which you have been part, please discuss the
following:
– Who were the stakeholders in this project?
– What was the overall project objective(s)?
– Were there any resource constraints?
– How could you have managed the project better?

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