Green Pigment Technology

toward Environmentally
Product
Prepared by : Dr. Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah
For
Plastics & Rubber Indonesia – Tech Talk
Plastics Coloring : Science of Color and Latest technology
Online System, 4 March 2021
 Education

Dr. Mas Ayu Elita -

-
Bachelor of Sains, S.Si, Chemistry Department, FMIPA, UI
Master of Science, M.Si, Chemistry Department, FMIPA, UI
- Doctoral Program, Ph.D, Material Science Department, UI
Hafizah Experience
- R&D Manager, Product Stewardship, QMG Manager at German Chemical
Industry Company > 20 years.
- Lecture at Material Science Department, FMIPA, UI (2013 – present).
- National GHS Trainer.
- Speaker at The Symposium on Women in Chemistry, Held by Organization for
The Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), The Hague, Den Haag The
Netherland, 2017.

Organization
- Indonesia Chemical Industry Federation (FIKI), Deputy Manager Technology &
Business Development, 2014 – present.
- Indonesia Association Plastic & Resin (INAPLAST), Head of Environmental
Division, 2016 – present.
- Material Science Community Indonesia (MRS-INA), Sekjen, 2019 - present.
- Responsible Care Indonesia, Sustainability Division, 2020 – present.
- Chairman of Lembaga Sertifikasi Profesi Kimia Industri (LSP-KI), 2018 –
present

Achievement
100 ILMUWAN MUDA NANO INDONESIA, One of 100 The Young
Researcher of Nano Technology in Indonesia was recorded in The Community
of Nano Technology called as Masyarakat Nano Indonesia (MNI).
Contents

1 Introduction - INAPLAS

2 The Principles of Color

3 Pigment Technology Development

4 Discussion
Asosiasi Industri Olefin,
Aromatik dan Plastik
Indonesia
(INAPLAS)

L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
Office : Grand Slipi Tower, 21 st Suite A. Jl. Let. Jend. S.
Parman Kav. 22-24. Jakarta 11480
Telp. : ( 62-21 2902 2025, 2902 1945
Fax. : (62-21) 2902 1944
E-mail. : inaplas.jakarta@gmail.com
Web-site. : www.inaplas.net
Daftar Anggota

Industri Hulu 2

Industri Menengah Besar 10

Industri Menengah 7

Industri Hilir Besar 19

Industri Hilir Menengah 29

Industri Hilir Kecil 18 Total : 85 Perusahaan

Anggota INAPLAS 2020
Anggota INAPLAS 2020
 Kegiatan / Issue - 2020
Issue Nasional

- Penyesuaian harga gas Industri Petrokimia - TKDN produk plastik

- Pengajuan Bea Masuk Ditanggung Pemerintah (BMDTP) - Safeguard terpal plastic
- Pelarangan kantong belanja plastik - Review OSS
- Cukai plastik - Sosialisasi industry 4.0

Program Nasional
•IOMKI (Izin Operasi Mobilisasi Kegiatan Industri) •Relaksasi perpajakan
dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 •Peninjauan kembali tarif listrik
•Penyusunan Petunjuk Teknis Tax Holiday dan Tax •Review implementasi OSS
Allowance •Marine Debris action plan
•Pembangunan Politeknik Petrokimia di Banten

SNI
- Pipa HDPE Gas
- SNI jerigen HDPE untuk kemasan BBM
- Tutup tabung gas
- SNI PP untuk Otomotif
- Tangki air
- SNI PTA
- Methanol
- SNI Bahan baku diterjen
- Review SNI HDPE untuk bahan baku pipa dan
fitting untuk air minum
 Introduction:
The Principles
of Color
L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
 - Factorizing of light
What is light? - Additive/subtractive mixing of colors

Interaction of - Absorption
light and matter - Reflection
- Transmission

The creation of - Color perception

color - Metamerism

The CIE-Color - The CIE La*b* - System

System - Color differences
 What is Color?
The basic principles of color Visible Light

X-Rays –
Electromagnetic Gamma Rays
Radiation

The Electrom
Wavelength Nature agnetic Radio Waves
of Light Radiation

Visible Spectrum
Radar

Energy Distribution
Curves Microwaves

Color Temperature
 Additive Color Mixing
In additive color mixing, the single colors are added together to make white.
This is only possible with light – not pigments or dyes.
Additive Theory

Green
3 Primaries

Blue
Red
 Subtractive Theory
Cyan 3 Primaries

The way we think of

coloring

Yellow
Magenta
 Example of Additive Mixing

green + red
yellow

The individual wavelengths are “added” together

 Example of Subtractive Mixing

- Only the wavelengths common to both

contributing colors are responsible for the final
color.
- The final color will always be lower in intensity
than the initial colors.

cyan
+ yellow green
 Absorbing medium

Light beam

Illumination Reflected residual light

produces sensation of
color
Interaction of light and matter
Scattering, Absorption,
Transmission, Reflection
 Color Impression Changes
Depending on the illumination the color impression changes
Deceptions
Deceptions
Deceptions
…… And one last piece of fun
Development
of Colorants

L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
Classification of Colorants

Colorantsaccording to shade (DIN 55944)

inorganic organic

Pigments Dyes Pigments Dyes

no commercial physically
White Pigments
prominence impossible
Colored Pigments Colored Pigments
Colored Dyestuffs

Black Pigments Black Pigments Black Dyestuffs

physically
Lustre Pigments Lustre Pigments
impossible
Fluorescent Fluorescent Fluorescent
Pigments Pigments Dyestuffs
Characteristics of Inorganic and
Organic Pigments
Characteristics of Organic & Inorganic Pigments
Characteristic Organic Pigments Inorganic Pigments
Primary particles Small Large
Scattering Weak Strong
Absorption High Low
Surface High area / hydrophobic Small area / hydrophilic
Colour (hue) Bright Dull ► bright
Light/weatherfastness Poor ► excellent Good ► excellent
Tinting strength Strong Weak
Opacity Transparent ► opaque Opaque
Solvent fastness Poor ► excellent Excellent
Chemical fastness Good ► excellent Poor ► excellent
Dispersibility Fair ► excellent Good ► excellent
Heat stability Good ► excellent Good ► excellent
Toxicology Mostly excellent Heavy metals
Types of Inorganic Pigments
Inorganic Pigments
Fillers
 History of Organic Pigments
1st Organic Azo pigment Plastics Improvement
pigment

1899 1900 1950 1960

• Pigment red 1 • Azo pigments • The discovery • The characteristics

• development of plastics improvement
The first true
organic • met the • The • better dispersion
pigment demand of the requirement of properties
color using automotive • New chromophores
industries stoving paints were developed
Pigment Classes
Effects of Pigment Chemistry

Improve fastness properties

e.g. increased substitution

Shade
e.g. new chromophores
 Properties of Organic Pigments
• Pattern card data
• Color Index
• Standard Shade Depth
• Tinting Strength
• Pigment Physics
• Particle size and distribution
• Crystallography and shape
• Specific surface area
• Dispersion of organic pigments
• Flocculation
• Fastness properties
• Migration / solvent fastness
• Heat stability
• Lightfastness
• weatherfastness
Pattern Card Data
Current Development
of Pigments

L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
Supply Demand PP
World plastics production 1950–2009. Adapted from PlasticsEurope, Ed. Plastics – the Facts 2010, An Analysis of
European PlasticsProduction, Demand and Recovery for 2009, Bruxelles, 2010.
http://www.plasticseurope.org/documents/document/20101028135906-final_plasticsthe-facts_26102010_lr.pdf
(retrieved May 5, 2011), 26a with kind permission.
Global production capacity of
bioplastics. Adapted from
European Bioplastics,
http://en.european-
bioplastics.org/market/ (retrieved
October14, 2011)28b with kind
permission.
Pigments Demand

Poly Propylene (PP)

Yarn Injection Fiber

Poly Ethylene (PE)

Injection Blow Film Yarn

Compounding Manufacture for Automotive

Note : Hygiene product (masker, bottle) increased!

Green Development
of Pigments

L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
 The History of Color
The Trend for pigment
developments in plastics Future

Antiquity
Environmental product
Life cycles period
Higher purity & durability
Modernism Compliance with REACH,
Cave painting ROHs, etc
Egyptian art, pottery
and hieroglyphs
Extraction of natural Focus to visual effect
ultramarine 20th Styling and branding
Century Pigments for metallic, pearl & reflective effect

Cadmium is known as an element  CdS

Color Index
1907 invented Bakelit
Introduced PE, PMMA
Regulation Compliance

- (EC) REACH RoHS RoHS Directive

2002/95/EC
No.1907/2006 ts Pb, Cd, Cr(VI), Hg,
- SVHC PBB, PBDE
- listed by ECHA
- Click to add Text

- Colorants & food contact

- FD&C Act 1960
UU No.33/2014 SJH - Tittle 21 of the C.F.R
section 178.3297
HALAL FDA “Colorants for Polymers”

Regulation compliance for pigments for plastics/polymers

application
 Green Chemistry (GC) & Engineering (GE)

Green Chemistry (GC) Green Engineering (GE)

GC 1 Prevent waste &contamination

GE 1 Inherent rather than circumstant
GC 2 Maximize atom economy
GE 2 Prevention instead of treatment
GC 3 Design less hazardous chemical
GE 3 Design for separation
synthesis
GE 4 Maximize efficiency
GC 4 Design safer solvents & products
GE 5 Output pulled versus input
GC 5 Use safer solvents & reaction
pushed
conditions
GE 6 Conserve complexity
GC 6 Increase energy efficiency
GE 7 Durability rather than immortality
GC 7 Use renewable feedstocks Concepts GC - GE GE 8 Meet need, minimize excess
GC 8 Avoid chemical derivatives
GE 9 Minimize material diversity
GC 9 Use catalyst, not stoichiometric
GE 10 Integrate material and energy
reagents
flows
GC 10 Design chemicals & products to
GE 11 Design for commercial “afterlife”
degrade after use
GE 12 Renewable rather than depleting
GC 11 Analyze in real time to prevent
pollution
GC 12 Minimize the potential for
accidents
 Green Chemistry

The chemistry
A concept that relies
of a new age
on Renewable
5 R Concepts Value Resources as key
added Renewable raw materials
disposal Resources
Green
Chemistry
Economically &
24 principles
social
Manufacturing and GC - GE
responsible
processing of heat and
electricity, transportation
Environmentally
fuels, chemicals, products.

Guarantees a safe
5 Rs
 Halogen Free Pigments
• Definition
– Containing F, Cl, Br, I and At.
– F, Cl, Br and I are elements exist in the form of organic pigments.

• Halogen hazard
– Organic halogen compounds are toxic
– Can caused cancer in the human body
– The biodegradation rate is very low
– Volatile of organic halogen compounds can have destructive effect to the ozone
layer
– Causing serious impact on the environment and human health
– When plastics containing the halogen compounds meets high temperature :
• - will release hydrogen halide
• - will produce dioxin when not completely burned
• - smoke and toxic corrosive gases will be generated
 Metal Free Pigments
• Background
– Pollution prevention, hazardous waste, toxics, Sustainability industries
– Natural source (plants and animlas)

• Research and Development

– New photosensitizers in the developments of dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
– Blue natural pigments from flower species that evolved to attract Hymenoptera
pollinators – anthocyanin-metal complexes.
– BeetBlue was obtained by the irrreversible dehydrative C-C coupling of betalamic
acid (HBt).
– Enzymatic oxidation of luciferins on ATP
Thank You!