BUILDING SERVICE- I

SEWER
APPURTENANCES
P R E S E N T E D B Y:

S U S H M I TA A H H I K A R I

075BAR046
INTRODUCTION

• Sewer appurtenances are the various accessories on

the sewerage system and are necessary for the
efficient operation of the system.
• They include man holes, lamp holes, street inlets,
catch basins, inverted siphons, and so on.
NECESSITY OF SEWER APPURTENANCES
• The main purpose of sewer appurtenances is to make inspection
of sewer line easy and effective.
• To help in cleaning of sewer
• To check for blockages in the sewer line
 DURABLE
STRONG

ECONOMICAL

REQUIREMENTS OF RESISTANT
TO
SEWER REQUIREMENTS CHEMICALS

APPURTENANCES
CORROSION
RISISTANT

PRESSURE EASY
MAINTAINANCE
RESISTANT
 MAN SAND
LAMP GREASE
HOLE HOLE AND OIL
TRAPS

COMPONENTS STREET
OF SEWER SEWER
OUTLETS INLETS

APPURTENANCES
INVERTED CATCH VENTILLATION
SIPHONS BASINS SHAFT
 MAN HOLES
• Man holes are the openings of either circular or
rectangular in shape constructed on the alignment
of a sewer line to enable a person to enter the
sewer for inspection, cleaning and flushing.
• They serve as ventilators for sewers,
• Also they facilitate the laying of sewer lines in
convenient length.
• Man-holes are provided at all junctions of two or
more sewers, whenever diameter of sewer
changes, whenever direction of sewer line
changes and when sewers of different elevations
join together.
 TYPES OF MAN HOLES:
Special type man hole:
Deep man hole: • Junction chambers: Man-hole
Shallow man hole: • It is having depth more constructed at the intersection of two
• It is about 0.70m to than 1.5m. large sewers.
0.90m depth. • The section of such a
• It is constructed at the manhole is generally not • Drop man-hole: When the difference
start of a branch kept the same. in elevation of the invert levels of the
sewer or at places, • The size in the upper incoming and outgoing sewers of the
which are not portion is reduced by man-hole is more than 60 cm, the
subjected to heavy providing an offset. interception is made by dropping the
traffic. • Steps, etc. are provided in incoming sewer vertically outside and
• Such a manhole is such a manhole for then it is jointed to the man-hole
provided with a light facilitating descending into chamber.
cover at its top and is the manhole and to enable
called as inspection the workers to go up into its • Flushing man-holes: They are located
chamber. bottom. at the head of a sewer to flush out the
deposits in the sewer with water.
DROP MAN HOLE
 LAMP HOLES
• Lamp holes are the openings constructed on
the straight sewer lines between two man-
holes which are far apart and permit the
insertion of a lamp into the sewer to find out
obstructions if any
• It is a vertical stoneware or concrete pipes
which are connected to the sewer line.
• The pipes are surrounded by concrete to make
them stable.
• At the ground level, the manhole cover with
frame is provided to take up the load of traffic.
 STREET INLETS
• It is an opening through which storm water and
surface water flowing along the street are
admitted and conveyed to the storm water sewer
or combined sewer by means of pipes.
• These are placed at the road, gutters, generally at
street junctions.
• It should provide in a such way that it will not
cause any interference with the traffic.

TYPES:
• Curb Inlets,
• Gutter Inlets
• Combined Inlets
 CATCH BASINS
• Catch basins are small settling chambers of
diameter 60 - 90 cm and 60 - 75 cm deep,
which are constructed below the street inlets.
• They interrupt the velocity of storm water
entering through the inlets and allow grit,
sand, debris and so on to settle in the basin,
instead of allowing them to enter into the
sewers.
• However, their use is discouraged because of
the nuisance due to mosquito breeding apart
from posing substantial maintenance
problems.
• At the bottom of the basin space is provided
for the accumulation of impurities.
• Perforated cover is provided at the top of the
basin to admit rain water into the basin.
INVERTED SIPHONS
• These are depressed portions of sewers,
which flow full under pressure more than
the atmospheric pressure due to flow line
being below the hydraulic grade line.
• They are constructed when a sewer
crosses a stream or deep cut or road or
railway line.
• To clean the siphon pipe sluice valve is
opened, thus increasing the head causing
flow.
• Due to increased velocity deposits of
siphon pipe are washed into the sump,
from where they are removed.
SAND GREASE AND OIL TRAPS
• Grease in sewers results in the formation of
incrustations that are difficult to remove and cause
a substantial loss in the capacity of the sewer.
• The presence of oil and gasoline has resulted in
explosions in the pipes.
• Grease, oil, and gasoline are removed by traps
placed in the plumbing systems.
• A general feature of grease and oil traps is the
provision of a channel which forces the sewage to
flow downwards, beneath a free surface, while
passing through the trap.
• Floating grease and oil rise to the surface on the
inlet side of the trap, from which they may be
cleaned through removable covers on the structures
 SEWER OUTLETS
• Storm water and treated water may be discharged into
small or large water bodies via sewer outlet and
diffusion will aid in mixing sewerage with
surrounding water.
• Waste matter from domestic or industrial
establishments that is carried away in sewers or drains
for dumping or conversion into a form that is not
toxic.
• Outlets to small streams are similar to the culverts,
consisting of a simple concrete head wall and apron to
prevent erosion.
• Sewers discharging into larger bodies of water are
usually extended beyond the banks into fairly deep
water where dispersion
 VENTILLATION SHAFT
• Ventilation shafts (or vent shafts) are similar to an
exhaust fan for the wastewater system.
• Vent shafts allow air to enter and exit the wastewater
system, which is important to help the system work
properly.
• New vent shafts are unpainted stainless steel (for better
durability and lower maintenance)
• It is desirable to prevent the accumulation of dangerous
explosive or corrosive gases.
• It prevents the creation of pressures (above or below
atmosphere) that may break water seal in plumbing
traps.
• In case of storm water, this can be done by providing
ventilating manhole covers.
 SEWER PIPES
• Pipe used to transport wastewater or sewage from homes
and industries.
• Sewage contains various domestic and industrial wastes
which consist of excreta, ash, sand, gases, acids, alkalis so
sewer pipe materials therefore;
• Should be resistant to corrosion and abrasion due to
impurities.
• Should be structurally safe and durable.
• Should create watertight joints.
• Should be impervious so that the water do not seepage in
to it.
• Should have minimum weight so that it can be easily
handled, transported and laid in position.
• Should be durable and should have sufficient strength to
resist external loads.
BATH TUBS
• A container which holds
water, which is used for
bathing.
• Most homes have a
bathtub
• As they are easy to use
and prevent slipping,
which can occur in
showers
• Baths are made of
porcelain-enameled cast
iron or enameled pressed
sheet steel or plastic
WATER CLOSET AND URINALS
• A WC pan is a ceramic or metal bowl to take solid and
liquid excrement, with an inlet for flushing and a
trapped outlet.
• The usual flushing appliance is cistern designed to
discharge water rapidly into the pan through a flush
pipe, for cleaning and disposal of contents.
• While a urinal is a sanitary plumbing fixture for
urination only.
• Urinals are often provided in public toilets for male
users.
• In busy public toilets, urinals are installed for efficiency.
• A urinal takes less space, is simpler, and consumes less
water per flush (or even no water at all) than a flush
toilet.
WASH BASINS
• The standard wash basin consists of
a bowl, soap tray, outlet, water
overflow connected to the outlet
and holes for fixing taps.
• The purpose of pedestal is to hide
the trap, waste and hot and cold
service pipes.
• A wide range of sizes and designs
are available, ranging from small
corner basins and hand basins to
basins large enough for bathing a
small child.
• Basin assemblies for use in
connection with personal washing
(face, forearms and hands etc)
FLUSHING CISTERN
• Usually made of porcelain
• Sanitary hardware which holds water for flushing the commode
• Water is stored in the cistern and manually flushed with a button
• When the button is pressed, water from the cistern rushed into the bowl which
removes solid and liquid waste
THANK YOU!