WELCOME

RESPECTED

S I R/M A M
THE ENVIRONMENT
WHAT IS
ENVIRONMENT ???
 COMPOSITION
Earth science generally recognizes
four spheres, the lithosphere, the 
hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and
the biosphere[3] as correspondent to 
rocks, water, air, and life
 respectively. Some scientists
include as part of the spheres of the
Earth, the cryosphere
 (corresponding to ice) as a distinct
portion of the hydrosphere, as well
as the pedosphere (corresponding
to soil) as an active and intermixed
sphere.

 Earth science (also known as geoscience, the geographical sciences or the

Earth Sciences), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the
planet Earth.[4] There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely 
geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy. These major disciplines use 
physics, chemistry, biology, chronology and mathematics to build a
qualitative and quantitative understanding of the principal areas or spheres of
Earth.
 WATER ON EARTH
OCEANS
 RIVER
S

LAKES AND
PONDS
 HUMAN IMPACT ON WATER
Humans impact the water in different ways such as modifying rivers
(through dams and stream channelization), urbanization, and 
deforestation. These impact lake levels, groundwater conditions, water
pollution, thermal pollution, and marine pollution. Humans modify rivers
by using direct channel manipulation.[11] We build dams and reservoirs
and manipulate the direction of the rivers and water path. Dams can
usefully create reservoirs and hydroelectric power. However, reservoirs
and dams may negatively impact the environment and wildlife. Dams
stop fish migration and the movement of organisms downstream.
Urbanization affects the environment because of deforestation and
changing lake levels, groundwater conditions, etc. Deforestation and
urbanization go hand in hand. Deforestation may cause flooding,
declining stream flow, and changes in riverside vegetation. The
changing vegetation occurs because when trees cannot get adequate
water they start to deteriorate, leading to a decreased food supply for
the wildlife in an area.[11]
 EXAMPLES

 BY POLLUTION  BY
DEFORESTATION
 ATMOSPHERE,CLIMATE AND WEATHER

The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary
ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in place by the
planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and
other inert gases, and carbon dioxide. The remaining gases are often referred to
as trace gases.[13] The atmosphere includes greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Filtered air includes trace amounts
of many other chemical compounds. Air also contains a variable amount of 
water vapour and suspensions of water droplets and ice crystals seen as clouds.
The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in reducing the
amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface. As DNA is readily
damaged by UV light, this serves to protect life at the surface. The atmosphere also
retains heat during the night, thereby reducing the daily temperature extremes
EXAMPLES:
l
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

• The retreat of glaciers since 1850 of Alesha Glacier in the Swiss Alps

 (situation in 1979, 1991 and 2002), due to global warming

This is due to the greenhouse effect, which is caused by greenhouse gases,

which trap heat inside the Earth's atmosphere because of their more complex
molecular structure which allows them to vibrate and in turn trap heat and release
it back towards the Earth.[15] This warming is also responsible for the extinction of
natural habitats, which in turn leads to a reduction in wildlife population. 
 CLIMATE WEATHER

Climate looks at the statistics of 

 Weather, on the other hand, is the
temperature, humidity, 
present condition of these same
atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall,
elements over periods up to two
atmospheric particle count and other 
weeks.[20]
meteorological elements in a given
region over long periods of time.[20
 CHALLENGES:
•Elimination of pollution and toxicants in air, water, soil, buildings,
manufactured goods, and food.
•Preservation of biodiversity and protection of endangered species.
•Conservation and sustainable use of resources such as water,[39] land, air,
energy, raw materials, and natural resources.
•Halting human-induced global warming, which represents pollution, a threat
to biodiversity, and a threat to human populations.
•Reducing profligate consumption and clamping down on illegal fishing and 
logging.[41]
•Slowing and stabilisation of human population growth.[42]
EXAMPLES:
 A NK Y OU
TH

C HI N G
WA T
FOR