JAWAHER 

NAVODAYA VIDLAYA
AFZALPUR AMBEDKAR NAGAR

ART INTRIGATED
PHYSICS PROJECT
SESSION 2020-21

NAME ANKIT VERMA

CLASS X

SUBJECT SCIENCE (PHYSICS)

“ HUMAN EYE &
DEFECTS OF
VISION

• About human eye and it's parts

”
01
• Defects of vision
• 1-myopia
• 2-Hypermetropia
02 • 3-presbyopia
Part  1- Parts of human eye
IRIS: A DARK MUSCULAR TISSUE AND RING-LIKE STRUCTURE
BEHIND THE CORNEA ARE KNOWN AS THE IRIS. THE COLOUR OF
THE IRIS ACTUALLY INDICATES THE COLOUR OF THE EYE. THE
IRIS ALSO HELPS REGULATE OR ADJUST EXPOSURE BY
ADJUSTING THE IRIS.

PUPIL: A SMALL OPENING IN THE IRIS IS KNOWN AS A PUPIL. ITS

SIZE IS CONTROLLED BY THE HELP OF IRIS. IT CONTROLS THE
AMOUNT OF LIGHT THAT ENTERS THE EYE.

LENS:  BEHIND THE PUPIL, THERE IS A TRANSPARENT

STRUCTURE CALLED A LENS. BY THE ACTION OF CILIARY
MUSCLES, IT CHANGES ITS SHAPE TO FOCUS LIGHT ON THE
RETINA. IT BECOMES THINNER TO FOCUS DISTANT OBJECTS
AND BECOMES THICKER TO FOCUS NEARBY OBJECTS.
SCLERA: IT IS THE OUTER COVERING, A PROTECTIVE
TOUGH WHITE LAYER CALLED THE SCLERA (WHITE
PART OF THE EYE).

CORNEA: THE FRONT TRANSPARENT PART OF THE

SCLERA IS CALLED CORNEA. LIGHT ENTERS THE EYE
THROUGH THE CORNEA.

RETINA: IT IS A LIGHT-SENSITIVE LAYER THAT CONSISTS

OF NUMEROUS NERVE CELLS. IT CONVERTS IMAGES
FORMED BY THE LENS INTO ELECTRICAL IMPULSES.
THESE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES ARE THEN
TRANSMITTED TO THE BRAIN THROUGH OPTIC
NERVES.

OPTIC NERVES: OPTIC NERVES ARE OF TWO TYPES.

THESE INCLUDE CONES AND RODS.
CONES: CONES ARE THE NERVE
CELLS THAT ARE MORE SENSITIVE
TO BRIGHT LIGHT. THEY HELP IN
DETAILED CENTRAL AND COLOUR
VISION.

RODS: RODS ARE THE OPTIC NERVE

CELLS THAT ARE MORE SENSITIVE
TO DIM LIGHTS. THEY HELP IN
PERIPHERAL VISION

AT THE JUNCTION OF THE OPTIC

NERVE AND RETINA, THERE ARE
NO SENSORY NERVE CELLS. SO
NO VISION IS POSSIBLE AT THAT
POINT AND IS KNOWN AS A BLIND
SPOT.
 PART 2-
DEFECTS OF
VISION

1-myopia 2-Hypermetropia 3-presbyopia

HYPERMETROPIA

 Hypermetropia is a defect of vision

that causes the impossibility for rays
of light to be focused on the retina,
but behind it. The main cause for this
defect is the insufficiente eye length.
 Longsightedness is corrected using a
convex (outward facing) lens. This is
placed in front of
a hypermetropic eye, moving the
image forward and focusing it
correctly on the retina.
MYOPIA
 Nearsightedness (myopia)- is a common
vision condition in which you can see
objects near to you clearly, but objects
farther away are blurry. It occurs when the
shape of your eye causes light rays to bend
(refract) incorrectly, focusing images in
front of your retina instead of on your
retina.
 Myopia (Nearsightedness) -can be
corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses or
refractive surgery. Depending on the degree
of your myopia. Myopia is corrected by
spectacles or contact lenses with lenses
which are 'minus' or concave in shape.
 PRESBYOPIA

 Presbyopia is physiological
insufficiency of accommodation
associated with the aging of the eye
that results in progressively
worsening ability to focus clearly
on close objects.  Presbyopia can
be corrected using glasses, contact
lenses, multifocal intraocular lenses
GUIDED BY - DR. SURENDRA YADAV

MADE BY - ANKIT VERMA