MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY:

SKELETAL MUSCLE
( PHYSIOLOGY MUSCLE
FRAMEWORK )
By : dr. Robitah Asfur , M. Biomed, AIFO-K
Department Physiology
 INTRODUCTION

• one _ cell sensitive excitatory

• usually as executor
in a manner functional :
• muscle framework
• smooth muscle
• muscle heart
 ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY

• Skeletal
– Striated, voluntarily
• Cardiac
– Heart, striated,
involuntary
• Smooth
– Nonstriated,
involuntary
 SKELETAL MUSCLES

diameter 10 - 80  m
consists from :
Sarcolemma : membrane cell muscle
Sarcoplasm in it there is a number of organella among others:
mitochondria produce ATP
reticulum sarcoplasm : cistern develop good for depot ca
myofibrils ( filaments myosin & f. actin )
Core more from one
 POTENTIAL ACTION

• Potential membrane Rest : - 80 to -90 mv

• Duration 1 to 5 ms
• Speed delivery 3 to 5 m/s
 MYOFIBRIL
consists from :
Filament actin (thin)
Filament myosin ( thick )
both of them overlap overlapping shg raises description dark and light which alternately _ _
I band (bright band, contains actin filaments, isotropic)
The A band (dark band, contains myosin filaments & ends of actin filaments, anisotropic
Z plate (where the ends of fil.actin, a filamentous protein) are attached
Sarcomere is part. myofibril between 2 (two) Z plates
 CHARACTER MOLECULAR FILAMENT
CONTRACTILE
• Filament myosin :
• Heavy Molecules : 480,000, length : 1.6  m
• 6 chains polypeptide
• Head myosin have ATPase enzyme _ useful for break down ATP
 FILAMENT ACTIN

• consists of 3 components : actin , tropomyosin , troponin

• Tropomyosin : related in a manner loose with actin F, condition rest located above _ actin F, so
contraction no it turns out
• Troponin: attached near end every molecule tropomyosin consists of 3 protein subunits:
• Troponin
1. Troponin I: strong affinity with actin
2. Troponin T: strong affinity with tropomyosin
3. Troponin C: strong affinity with Ca ions
 CONNECTION NEUROMUSCULAR

Muscle framework innervated fiber nerve large & myelinated from . motorneurons large in the
anterior cornua of the medulla. spinalis
Connection between nerve endings and skeletal muscles: neuromuscular junction
neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Ach) is stored in axon terminal vesicles
Can be broken down by e. cholinesterase in the basal lamina
 THE NMJ

• Neuromuscular Junction (pp. 401-402)

• Terminal axons
• Mitochondria
• Synaptic vesicles – ACh
• Synaptic cleft
• Motor end plates
• AChR
• AP to muscle fiber
 EXOCYTOSIS PROCESS ACETYLCHOLINE

• Potential action propagate at the axon terminal

• Open gate Ca
• Ca ions enter to the axon terminal
• Interesting Ach vesicles approach membrane nerve
• Vesicles release Ach into the synaptic cleft
 EFFECTS OF ACETYLCHOLINE ON
SKELETAL MUSCLES
• Skeletal membrane: has nicotinic type Ach receptors
• The bond between Ach and receptors:
• Open gate channel . Ach
• Permeability membrane to Na ions increases
• Occur depolarization
• Action potential is the start of the skeletal muscle contraction process
 DRUGS AFFECTING THE
NEUROMUSCULAR JOINT
1.A drug that stimulates muscles through a similar action to Ach
• methacholine, carbacol, nicotine
• no damaged e. cholinesterase
• effect longer _
2. Drugs that inhibit conduction at the neuromuscular junction
• drug class curareform
• occupy ach receptors
• weak
3. Drugs that stimulate connection with method inactivate
e. acetylcholinesterase
• neostigmine , fisostigmine , diisopropyl fluorophosphate
• spasm muscle
 CONTRACTION MUSCLE

system transverse tubule- reticulum sarcoplasm

The transverse (T) tubule is sized very small , starting with Dr. membrane cell shg open to
direction outside , as well covers whole myofibril is expansion of dr. membrane cell
reticulum sarcoplasm consists of 2 bags. :
Longitudinal tubules : parallel to myofibrils
cisterns : bordered by tubules . Q
sisterna is a Ca depot
end sisterna relate with . T tubules through the junctional feet
 CONTRACTION PROCESS MUSCLE

potential action on the membrane cell will be propagated to T tubules & reticulum sarcoplasm
channel. Ca di cistern will open
Ca ions are released into the cytoplasm
Ca ions bond with. Troponin C
causes the active site of the actin filament to open
head myosin bond with actin
sliding process in contraction muscle
ATROPHY MUSCLE
 REFERENCE

• Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton & Hall, EGC

• Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems, Sherwood, EGC
• Ganong's review of medical physiology, Lange