Lesson 1.

Big Bang Theory

 explain the origin of the
1 universe according to
the big bang theory;

identify different
At the end proponents and evidences
of the 2 that support the big bang
lesson, you theory; and
should be
able to: enumerate the negative
3 implications of the big
bang theory.
Big Bang Theory
• THE BIG BANG THEORY IS COSMOLOGICAL MODEL
THAT EXPLAINS HOW THE UNIVERSE BEGAN.

• IT SUGGESTS THAT THE UNIVERSE STARTED ITS

EXPANSION ABOUT 13.8 BILLION YEARS AGO.

• THE CONCEPT OF BIG BANG AS NOT A LITERAL

EXPLOSION OF SOMETHING LEADING TO THE CREATION
OF THE UNIVERSE.
 BIG BANG THEORY AND THE BREAD-RAISIN
MODEL
• THE BREAD
REPRESENTS THE
UNIVERSE; WHILE
RAISINS ARE GALAXIES.

• THE GALAXIES,
REPRESENTED BY DOTS,
The raisin-bread model of expanding universe
ARE NOT EXPANDING.
• DISTANCES IN RELATION TO OTHER GALAXIES JUST
INCREASES BECAUSE OF THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE.

In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe expands.

“SINGULARITY”

• THE UNIVERSE STARTED AS A “​

SINGULARITY​” - AN AREA
PREDICTED TO BE IN THE
CORE OF A BLACK HOLE WITH
VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE
AND DENSITY.

An expanding universe and the

concept of singularity.
“SINGULARITY”
• THE INTENSE HEAT RESULTED
TO FORMATION OF MATTER
AND ANTIMATTER PARTICLES
THAT WERE DESTROYED
EVERY TIME THEY COLLIDED
WITH EACH OTHER.
An expanding universe and the
concept of singularity.
“NUCLEOSYNTHESIS”
• Nucleosynthesis​is the
formation of elements,
such as H and He.

• Presence of these elements

led to the formation of Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)
stars and galaxies.
“NUCLEOSYNTHESIS”

• The presence of stars led

to the formation of other
cosmic bodies such as
planets, comets, and
asteroids.

Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)

EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORT THE BIG BANG THEORY
• The expansion of the universe is supported by the
observation that galaxies are receding from us.

• The high amount of light elements like H, He and Li. These

elements were formed through the fusion of protons and
neutrons immediately after the Big Bang.

• The detection of the cosmic microwave background

(CMB) radiation which is the residue or heat leftover from
the Big Bang.
 PROPONENTS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY

• GEORGES HENRI JOSEPH

EDOUARD LEMAÎTRE WAS THE
FIRST PROPONENT OF THE
THEORY. HE SUGGESTED THE
IDEA OF THE EXPANDING
UNIVERSE
Georges H.J. Lemaitre
(1894–1966)
 PROPONENTS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY

• EDWIN POWELL HUBBLE WHO

ESTABLISHED THE ​HUBBLE’S LAW ​
WHICH PROVIDED AN EVIDENCE
THAT THE UNIVERSE WAS NOT
STATIC BUT EXPANDING.
Edwin Powell Hubble
(1889 – 1953)
 PROPONENTS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY
• ARNO PENZIAS AND ROBERT
WILSON DISCOVERED THAT
MICROWAVES WITH
WAVELENGTHS OF ABOUT 7
CENTIMETERS WERE PRESENT
IN SPACE.

• THESE WAVES WERE REFERRED

TO AS THE COSMIC
Arno Penzias MICROWAVE BACKGROUND Robert Wilson
(born 1933) (born 1941)
(CMB) RADIATION.
 DRAWBACKS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY

• IT FAILED TO EXPLAIN HOW THE UNIVERSE WAS

CREATED.
• IT JUST EXPLAINS HOW IT EVOLVE AND NOT WHERE IT
ORIGINATED.
• IT ALSO FAILED TO EXPLAIN HOW THE GALAXIES
FORMED.
 Big bang theory suggests that the universe started as
1 a “singularity” - an area predicted to be in the core
of a black hole with very high temperature and
density.

Proponents of the idea of an expanding universe

2 are Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître,
Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias ​and​
Robert Wilson.
 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the
3 velocities of distant objects in the universe is
1 directly proportional to their distance from Earth.

The big bang theory failed to explain how the

4 universe was created.
Identify the proponent of the theory that
explains the following statements.
1. THE UNIVERSE ORIGINATED IN AN EXPLOSIVE ACT OF
PRIMEVAL ATOM OR THE ‘COSMIC EGG’.
2. MICROWAVES WITH WAVELENGTHS OF ABOUT 7
CENTIMETERS THAT WERE PRESENT IN SPACE
3. THE COSMIC RAYS WERE “ASHES AND SMOKE OF BRIGHT
BUT VERY RAPID FIREWORKS,” AND THEY ORIGINATED
WHEN THE PRIMEVAL ATOM DISINTEGRATED.
Identify the proponent of the theory that
explains the following statements.

4. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE VELOCITIES OF DISTANT

OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE IS IN PROPORTION TO THEIR
DISTANCE FROM EARTH.
5. THE AMOUNT OF REDSHIFT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE
DISTANCE OF THE GALAXY.
HOW WILL YOU EXPLAIN THE BIG BANG THEORY BY
RELATING IT TO MASS, VOLUME, AND DENSITY?
Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany: Springer
Science & Business Media.

John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar
System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the Big Bang, Singapore: World
Scientific.

J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html

D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,

2017http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
● Slide 6: This file, Universe expansion.png by Fredrik, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via
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