Principles of Management

Introduction of Management
Ms. Ayesha Zaman Khan
Introduction:
Management is the effective utilization of human and material resources
to achieve the organization’s objectives.
 Human Resources: Manpower
 Non Human Resources: Materials, Money, Methods, Machinery etc.
 Organization: It is an entity where two or more persons work together to
achieve a goal or a common purpose.
 People
 Purpose
 Process
 POLC
In summary, the P-O-L-C functions of planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling are widely considered to be the best means of describing
the manager's job. 
Definition of Management:

The process of planning, organizing , leading and

controlling for the accomplishment of organizational
goals and objectives is known as management
Who are Managers:

“A manager is someone who works with and through

other people by coordinating their work activities in
order to accomplish organizational goals.”
Why Study Management?

Planning.
Organizing.
Staffing.
Leading/Directing.
Controlling/Monitoring.
Motivation.
Management is important for our society, industry and
government organizations. The importance of studying
management can be explained by looking at the way we interact
with organizations every day in our lives. Every product we use,
every service we receive, and every action we take is provided or
affected by organizations. These organizations require managers.
Organizational Levels or Types of
managers
Identifying Managers
Top managers
Individuals who are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the
organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members.
The board of directors, president, vice-president, and CEO are all
examples of top-level managers.
Middle managers
Individuals at levels of management between the first-line manager and top
management. General managers, branch managers, and department
managers are all examples of middle-level managers.
First-line managers
Supervisors responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of operative
employees. First-level managers are also called first-line managers or
supervisors. These managers have job titles such as: Office manager, Shift
supervisor, Department manager, Foreperson, Crew leader, Store
manager.
Cont.. (Difference between manager and
non managerial staff)
Operatives
People who work directly on a job or task and have no
responsibility for overseeing the work of others
Managers
Individuals in an organization who direct the activities
of others
Management Defined
Management
The process of getting things done, effectively and
efficiently, through and with other people
Efficiency
 Means doing the thing correctly; refers to the relationship
between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs
Effectiveness
 Means doing the right things; goal attainment
Efficiency & Effectiveness
Process or basic Functions of Management:
Planning

Controll Organizing
ing

Leading
Process of Management
Planning
Includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and
developing plans to coordinate activities.
Organizing
Includes determining what tasks to be done, who is to
do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports
to whom, and where decisions are to be made.
 Cont…
Leading
Includes motivating employees, directing the activities
of others, selecting the most effective communication
channel, and resolving conflicts
Controlling
The process of monitoring performance, comparing it
with goals, and correcting any significant deviations