RLO Title

FYM as a component of INM  

Contributor/Co-contributor & affiliation :
Dr D.K.Borah, Professor & Head,
Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat-785013
 
Key words : FYM , organic fertilizer, INM
 
Complexity level : Simple
 
End user: Farmer
 
Duration of RLO: 15 minutes
 Learning objective

Explain the benefit of application of

FYM in INM
 Abstract
FYM is one of the components of INM as it is a very
food organic source of nutrients. It is a cheap and easily
available source of organic nutrients for farmers. Integrating
FYM with inorganic fertilizer , scientists are getting very
good response of the crop. Application of this source of
organic improves physical, chemical and biological
condition of the soils. FYM can supply all the nutrients
required by the plant, however, with low quantity. It is
always advised to apply FYM to the soil along with chemical
fertilizer so that the farmers can obtain very good crop yield.
 Content
Farm Yard Manure: (FYM)
FYM is one of the oldest manure used by the
farmers in growing crops because of its easy availability
and presence of all the nutrients required by the plants.
Farmyard manure refers to the decomposed mixture of
dung and urine of farm animals along with their litter and left
over material from roughages or fodder fed to the cattle.
FYM is one of the components of INM as it a cheap and
easily available source of organic nutrients. Integrating FYM
with inorganic fertilizer , scientists are getting very good
response of the crop. Application of this source of organic
improves physical, chemical and biological condition of the
soils. FYM can supply all the nutrients required by the
plant, however with low quantity.
The composition of FYM is shown below:

Nutritional status of FYM (%):

Content (%) Nutrient

 
Nitrogen 0.5
Phosphorus 0.25
Potassium 0.4
Sodium 0.08
Sulphur 0.02
Zinc 0.004
Copper 0.0003
Manganese 0.007
Iron 0.45
Methods of preparation of FYM:

a) Pit Method :

This method is commercially adopted by farmers

usually pits of 8m x 2m x 1m dimensions are prepared,
which are filled in layers by the mixture of dung, urine and
litter up to about 50 cm above ground level. The top is
nicely filled, pits is covered by dry soil and then plastered
by mud paste. One pit is needed every after two adult
animals, the manure became ready after about 150 to 180
days of plastering. Usually 10-12 tones of FYM obtained/pit
or every animal gives out about 5 to 6 tones of FYM /year.
b) Trench Method :
This method is also called as Dr.C.N.Acharya method.
In this method trenches of 6 to 8 m length, 1.5 to 2 m width,
and 1 to 1.25 m depth are prepared. Mixture of dung and
urine soaked litter is deposited in layers in these trenches
until it becomes 50 cm above the ground layer. Now it is
covered with 50 cm deep soil or wood ash- soil layer and
then plastered by mud paste. Manure becomes ready for
use after about 150 – 160 days of plastering.
 
c) Heap Method :
Most commonly used by the farmers. Every day
sweepings, cow dung and litter are collected and heaped at
any fixed place. After about 6 to 9 months, the rotten
manure is used. According to an estimate, about 30 to 35%
N2, 20 to 25% P2O5 & 4-6% potassium are lost during
preparation of manure due to leaching, washing and
volatilization.
Methods of FYM Application :
 
FYM should be uniformly spread over soil surface and
mixed thoroughly.
It should be applied 15-20 days before sowing or
transplanting so that manure goes under ammonification
and nitrification process.
Application of undecomposed manure should not be
applied.
Soil should have sufficient moisture at the time of
application so that proper microbial activity takes place.
Usual rate of application ranges between 2-5 tones/ha
for most of the crops. But it may show high as 50 to 100
tones/ha for vegetable, sugarcane etc. For best
response it must be well powdered and it should be
sieved, especially for use in nursery.
Beneficial Effects of FYM :
 
FYM is rich in nutrients
A small amount of N is directly available to the plants while
a larger portion is made available as and when the FYM
decomposes. When cow dung and urine are mixed, a
balanced nutrition is made available to the plants.
Application of FYM improves soil fertility.
It has spectacular beneficial effect on physical, chemical &
biological properties of soil.
Disadvantages:
 
It introduces used problem in field
Its decomposition releases harmful gases which polluted
atmosphere.
Reduces availability of certain micronutrients
Needs more cost/unit weight of nutrients during handling,
storage and application as compared to fertilizer.
 Assessment
Choose the correct word/words :

FYM is a /inorganic/organic/biological source of nutrients

FYM means Farm Yielding manure/Farm yard
manure/Firm yard manure
FYM can be easily/difficulty/more easily prepared by
farmers.
It contains very high/slightly high/less quantity of all
nutrients required for the crop
FYM deteriorates/improves the soil conditions