VANASTHALI PUBLIC SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms. Ragini Gupta Khushboo Dalakoti
Class: X C
Roll No : 20
 Meaning of Development
 Development is the process in which something grows ,
becomes more mature and advance.
 A branch of economics that focuses on improving the
economies of developing countries. development
economics considers how to promote economic growth in
such countries by improving factors like health, education,
working conditions, domestic and international policies
and market conditions.
 It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic
factors relating to the structure of a developing economy
and how that economy can create effective domestic and
international growth.
 Different People, Different Goals

Different people can have different Category of

Development Goals
Persons
development goals. More days or work
Landless Rural Better Wages
Labourers
What may be development for one may Economic and Socail Equality
not be development for others. Higher Family Income
Better Eductation to their
Rich Person Children

To settle their children in

It may be destructive for others
 National
 Different person could have different as well as conflicting
Development notions of a country’s development.
 In the process of national development ,a heavy industry is set up
 We can say that it’s a all round development of nation
 Like – Education, Health and National Income
 How to Compare Different Countries
 For measuring countries there income is considered to be one of the most important
attributes.
 Method of Measuring National Development

National Income Average Income

• It refers to the maket values of all
good and services which produce
in financial year with in the
country.
• National income is equal to
National product.
• It’s the ratio of total national income of a
country with respect to total population.
• The average income is also called per capita
income.
• PCI = Total Income / Total Population
 Income and Human
Development
HDR published by UNDP compares countries based on educational level of the people their health
status and PCI.
Human development indicators :
 Infant mortality rate:- it indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year
as a proportion of 1000 lives.
 Literacy rate:- it measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
 Net Attendance ratio:- it is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as
a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
 Sex ratio:-it is the total number of female per thousand of males.
 Life expectancy: The minimum age upto which an adult lives is the life expectancy rate. This
also shows the overall quality of life in a country. As per 2011 census, the life expectancy in
India for males in 67 years and for females it is 72 years. Life expectancy of India is 68 years
acc. To year 2014.
Per Capita Income is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also
done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any
country.
 Measuring
Development • Gross National Product (GNP) - It measure of the total value of the officially
recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country
in a given year. includes things produced inside and outside a country’s territory.

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - It measure of the total value of the officially
recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country
in a given year.

• Gross National Income (GNI) - It measure of the monetary worth of what is

produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the
country. It is the most common measurement used today.
 Sustainable Development

The word sustainable means something which is not short lived

but can continue in future also.
According to Robert Repetto, “ Sustainable development is a
development strategy that manages all natural resources and human
resources as well as financial and physical assests for increasing long
term wealth and well being .”
Objectives of Sustainable Development –
• Sustained Rise in the Real PCI and Quality of Life.
• Reduction in Pollution.
• Rational Use of Natural Resources.
• To Fulfills the Requirements of Future Generations.
 MCQ Questions / Answers
Human Development Report is published by
(a) UNDP
(b) World Bank
(c) IMF
(d) WHO

Which of the following is the most important component for comparing different countries?
(a) Population
(b) Income
(c) Per capita income
(d) Resources

In which state of India is the infant mortality rate lowest?

(a) Goa
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Kerala
 MCQ Questions / Answers
Pick out the cause (from below) that enhances environmental degradation:
(a) Planting of trees.
(b) Prevention of factory wastes getting mixed up with river water.
(c) Ban on use of plastic bags.
(d) Allowing increase in the level of exhaust fumes emitted by cars, buses, trucks, etc.

Pick out the correct meaning listed below to define ‘average income’.
(a) Average income of the country means the total income of the country.
(b) The average income in a country is the income of only employed people.
(c) The average income is the same as per capita income.
(d) The average income includes the value of property held.

What will be the top priority in the developmental goal of a landless labourer?
(a) Expansion of rural banking
(b) More days of work and better wages
(c) Metal roads for transportation
(d) Establishment of a high school
Thank
You !