New Oxford Junior College

Session 2022 – 23
Class - 12th

Subject – physics PROJECT

Topic - to investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using hollow prism
filled one by one with different transparent fluids

Submitted To – Kanhaiya Choudhary

Submitted By - Aman Jat
 CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation

work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter
and the related data collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily done by
Aman Jat of Class XII, New Oxford Junior College , regarding
the project titled, “REFRACTIVE INDICES OF
VARIOUS MEDIUMS”

Principal’s Signature

Submitted for ALL India SENIOR SECONDARY

EXAMINATION held on
at

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of any task would be

incomplete without mentioning the names of those
persons who helped to make it possible. I take this
opportunity to express my gratitude in few words and
respect to all those who helped me in the completion of
this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep
senses of gratitude to my Physics teacher, Kanhaiya
Chaoudhary for her valuable support, constant help and
guidance at each and every stage, without which this
project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal,
Mrs Shailja Bhopale Ma’am, for his immense
encouragement that has made this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for
encouraging me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE
for giving us the opportunity to undertake this project.
 Project Overview

Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that
is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the
liquid.
a= the angle of minimum
deviation d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help

of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the
straight line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on

the marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that
all the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
Observation
 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

incident ray.
 Bibliography

Studyphysics
Hyperphysics
Khanacademy
Physicsclassroom
Physics textbook