TRANSMISSION OF

TOXOPLASMOSIS
 Human infection can occur through three main routes of transmission:
1. Food consumption (consumption of meat colonized by cyst tissue)
2. Animal-to-human transmission (ingestion of oocysts shed in infected cat
reviews),
3. Transmission from mother to fetus (congenital infection through the placenta
during pregnancy)
 1. Food consumption
Transmission through food:
 Eating undercooked or contaminated meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison) or shellfish
(such as oysters, clams, and mussels); Accidentally swallowing contaminated undercooked
meat or shellfish after handling them and not washing your hands thoroughly.
 Eating food contaminated by a knife, utensil, cutting board or other food that has come
into contact with contaminated raw meat or shellfish.
 Drink unpasteurized goat's milk (tachyzoites).
 2. Transmission from animals to humans
 The parasite is then transmitted through cat feces in the form of microscopic oocysts.
 Accidental ingestion of oocysts after cleaning a cat's litter box when the cat excretes
Toxoplasma in its feces
 Accidental ingestion of oocysts after touching or swallowing anything that came into
contact with cat feces containing Toxoplasma
 Accidental ingestion of oocysts in contaminated soil (for example, not washing hands
after gardening or eating unwashed fruit or vegetables from the garden)
3. mother-to-fetus (congenital infection through the placenta during pregnancy)
 pregnant conditions affected by toxoplasmosis infection can transmit these
substances to the developing fetus through the placenta.
 The risk of the fetus being affected and the severity of the disease depend on what
stage during pregnancy the mother is exposed to the infection. The baby is most at
risk if the mother is infected in the third trimester, but the earlier the infection
occurs, the more serious the consequences for the baby.
 Babies who survive may develop problems such as seizures, enlarged liver and spleen,
yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) or a severe eye infection. Some effects are
not seen at birth, and may occur in adolescence or later.
Other Transmissions:
 Direct contamination is possible through open wounds.
 If people do not wash their hands after contact with contaminated material or
before eating or drinking, organisms are transferred from hand to mouth and then
ingested.
 Infection from blood transfusions and organ transplants from infected donors is
rare
 REFERENCES
◦ 1. S. Al-Malki E. Toxoplasmosis: stages of the protozoan life cycle and risk assessment in humans
and animals for an enhanced awareness and an improved socio-economic status. Saudi J Biol Sci.
2021;28(1):962-969. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.007

◦ 2. Pereira KS, Franco RMB, Leal DAG. Transmission of Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Gondii) by Foods.
Vol 60. 1st ed. Elsevier Inc.; 2010. doi:10.1016/S1043-4526(10)60001-0

◦ 3. Triana A. Faktor Determinan Toksoplasmosis Pada Ibu Hamil. J Kesehat Masy. 2015;11(1):25.
doi:10.15294/kemas.v11i1.3459

◦ 4. Yostila D, Armen A. Toxoplasmosis Cerebri Pada HIV AIDS. J Kesehat Andalas. 2018;7(Supplement
4):96-99. http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id