JABALPUR

ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Seminar
On
SUBMITTED
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Under the guidance of Presented By

Mr. Sudeep Mohaney Mr. Abhishek Kumar
(Assistant Professor) 0201EE21ME12
 CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION  CHARGE CONTROLLERS

 PV CELL  INVERTERS
 MATERIAL USED IN PV CELL SOLAR LANTERNS
 PV MODULE  HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM
 PV PANEL  STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM
 PV ARRAY  CONCLUSION
 BENEFITS OF SPV SYSTEMS
 ARRAYS IN PARALLEL
 ARRAYS IN SERIES
 BATTERIES
 INTRODUCTION

Solar PV system Converts solar radiation

(Photons) into electricity. PV systems use PV
cells, typically made of crystalline silicon. No
moving parts, noise, or emissions. A Photovoltaic
(PV) system is an electrical system consisting of
an array of one or more PV modules, conductors,
electrical components, and one or more loads.
 PV CELL

 A cell is basic building block of a manufacturer of solar

modules.
 The fundamental physics of the material used determines
the voltage of a cell and the size determine the current.
 This is the smallest unit in the solar PV system.

SOLAR CELL
 MATERIAL USED IN PV CELL

 There are many materials used to make Solar cells, but

the most common is the Silicon.
 Silicon is second most abundant Element in the earth’s
crust it is therefore Non-toxic and safe.
 This is the same silicon That is used to make computer
chips! Some Of the processing steps involved in making
Solar cell are same as making computer Chips.
 PV MODULE

 A module is really a basic building for real world remote

power system.
 It is the collections of cells interconnected by usually
that wire, and includes encapsulations to protect the cells
and interconnecting wire from corrosion and impact.
 It usually includes a frame to allow easy mountings.

PV MODULE
 PV PANEL

 A panel is a collection of modules physically and

electrically grouped together on a structure.
 This would be a building block for larger power systems.
 Usually the modules are wired together on the panel to
give the final system voltage and the panels are wired
together through field junction boxes and then on to the
system controls and batteries.

PV PANEL
 PV ARRAY

 An array is a full collection of all solar photovoltaic

generators.
 Sometimes an array is so larger that is grouped in to
SUBARRAYS for easier installations and power
management.
 An array can be small as one module and as large as
1,00,000 modules.

PV ARRAY
 BENEFITS OF SPV SYSTEMS

 Energy independence the most attractive benefit of SPV

system, which means to create your own electrical
power.
 “fuel” is already delivered every where which means you
need sunlight as a fuel.
 Minimum maintenance because there are few moving
parts.
 Maximum reliability because they give more output
compare to other power system.
 Easy expandability because you can make it to give
more output by increasing arrays.
 ARRAYS IN PARALLEL

 When wiring solar panels in parallel, the amperage

(current) is additive, but the voltage remains the same.
eg. If you had 3 solar panels in parallel and each was
rated at 6 volts and 3 amps, the entire array would be 6
volts and 9 amps.
 The connection is very easy, just connect positive
terminal of one panel to the positive terminal of the other
and negative terminal of one panel to the negative
terminal of second panel
 ARRAYS IN SERIES

 When wiring solar panels in series, the voltage is

additive, but the current remains the same. eg. If you had
3 solar panels in parallel and each was rated at 5v,7v and
9v volts and 3 amps, the entire array would be 21 volts
and 3 amps.
 The connection is very easy, just connect positive
terminal of one panel to the negative terminal of the
other
 BATTERIE
S
 The understood component of the SPV
systems is batteries.
 These are of two types primary and secondary. Primary
are non- rechargeable and secondary are rechargeable.
 Primary batteries are not used in SPV systems because
they cannot be recharged.
 Secondary batteries can store and deliver electrical
energy, and can also be recharged by passing a current
through it in an opposite direction.
 Therefore, secondary batteries are the only option in
SPV systems.
 BATTERY CAPACITY

Battery capacity is a measure of a battery’s

ability to store or deliver electrical energy,
commonly expressed in units of ampere-hours.
An ampere-hour is equal to the transfer of one
ampere over one hour.
 CHARGE CONTROLLERS

 The charge controllers is the energy manager in stand

alone SPV systems, which ensures that the battery is
cycled under the conditions which do not reduce its
ability to deliver its rated capacity over its expected
lifeline.
 Whenever batteries are included in the system, the
additional facility must be built in, that will protect
against overuse, the protection is given by
charge
controllers.
 These are also known as charge
regulators.
 PRIMARY FUNCTINON OF CHARGE CONTROLLERS

The primary function of the charge controllers in a stand

alone SPV system is to protect the battery from over-
charge or over-discharge.
lack of controller may result in shortened battery
lifetime and decrease load availability.

CHARGE
PV ARRAY CONTROLLE BATTERY LOAD
R
 INVERTERS

 A solar inverter converts the variable (DC) output of PV

solar panel in to a utility frequency (AC) that can be fed
in to a commercial electrical grid or used by a local off-
grid electrical network.
 These are also known as converter or PV inverters.
 SOLAR LANTERNS
CFL BASED:
 A solar photovoltaic (SPV) lantern (solar lantern) is a lighting
system consisting of a lamp, battery and electronics, all placed
in a suitable housing made of metal or plastic or fiber glass,
and a PV module.
 Electricity generated by the PV module charges the battery.
The lantern is portable lighting device suitable for either indoor
or outdoor lighting. Covering a full range of 360.
LED BASED:
 A solar photovoltaic (SPV) lantern (solar lantern) is a
lighting system consisting of a W-LED’s, battery and
electronics, all placed in a suitable housing made of metal or
plastic or fiber glass, and a PV module.
 Electricity generated by the PV module charges the battery.
The lantern is portable lighting device suitable for either indoor
or outdoor lighting. White LED is a solid state device which
emits light when an electric current passes through it.
 HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM

 A solar home lighting system (SHS), converts solar energy into

electrical energy and provides a comfortable level of
illumination in one or more rooms of a house.
 There are several (SHS) models featuring one, two or three
CFL’s. the system could also be used to run a small DC fan or a
12 V DC television along with the CFL’s.
 All the models of solar home lighting systems should be
designed to operate for 3-4 hours daily. The actual duration of
lighting could vary depending on the location and season.
 STREET LIGHTING
SYSTEM
 A stand alone SPV street lighting system is an outdoor lighting
used for illuminating an street or an open area.
 It consist of PV modules, CFL’s, lead acid battery, control
electronics, inter connecting wires/cables, module mounting
pole including hardware and battery box.
 The CFL is fixed inside the reflecting case (luminary) which is
mounted on the pole. The PV module is placed at the top of the
pole at an angle to maximize incident solar radiation. A battery
is placed In a box attached to the pole. The module is mounted
facing south as it receives solar radiations throughout the day
without any shadow falling on it.
 CONCLUSION

This practical training enhances our technical

knowledge. We get to know about different
technologies, items, and materials used in SPV
system. And their daily use. We get to know
that how they are manufactured and rated also
studied their functions and concept behind
them. This will also help us in our future and
in our placements also. It was a very interesting
and knowledgement training and it was a great
opportunity to be a part of it.
THANK YOU