MUSHROOMS

www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali

Mushrooms
 Mushrooms Identification

 General Morphology :
 Mushrooms are identified by
 Size ,color,
 colorchange,texture,order,taste,gap,gills,stem/stipe/
stalk ,veil, annulus,volva,mycelium,spore prints.
 DESCRIPTION

 Fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically

produced above ground on soil.
 Refers to the cultivated white button mushroom,
Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most
often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota,
Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap
(pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. lamella) or pores on
the underside of the cap.
 Mushroom poisoning also known as mycetism.
HUMAN USE

 Food production like wine ,cheese.

 Medicine
 Dyeing Purposes
 Fire Starters
 Biodegradable Packaging
 Biological Remediation Techniques
 Used as antioxidant
TRIVIA

 Mycophagists refer to the people who collect

mushrooms.
 The act of collecting mushrooms known as mushroom
hunting, or simply "mushrooming".
 China is the world's largest edible mushroom producer.
MOST DANGEROUS

GROUPS OF FUNGI
 Classification
 Amanita species cyclopeptide containing mushrooms
 Gyromitra species mono methyl hydrazine
 Inocybe species muscarine containing mushrooms
 Coprine containing mushrooms
 Ibotenic Acid and Muscimol containing mushrooms
 Psilocybin containing mushrooms
 Gastrointestinal Toxins
 Orelline and Orellanine containing mushrooms
 AMANITA

 Starts as an egg-shaped button which can resemble a

small puffball. This breaks open as the mushroom
grows. Fully developed amanitas are gilled mushrooms
with parasol-shaped caps that may be white, yellow,
red or brown.
 Have a saclike cup surrounding the base of the stem
buried just beneath the soil surface and may not be
obvious, ring on the stem, white gills, white spore print.
 Responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities
resulting from mushroom poisoning.
 Found on the ground in woodlands in summer and fall.
AMANITA
 FALSE MOREL

 Contain a toxic chemical called monomethyl hydrazine

(MMH) which causes diarrhea, vomiting and severe
headaches, and can be fatal. However, due to different
cooking techniques and individual sensitivities to MMH,
false morels poison some people but leave others
unaffected.
 MMH level may vary based on area.
 Have wrinkled, irregular caps that are brain-like or
saddle-shaped. They may be black, gray, white, brown
or reddish.
 Found in spring, summer and fall, on the ground in
woodlands.
FALSE MOREL
Coprine containing
mushrooms
Coprinus atramentarius

 Toxin is coprine.
 The metabolite of which inhibits aldehyde
dehydrogenase.
Muscimol/Ibotenic acid
containing mushrooms
Psilocybin containing
mushrooms
 Magic mushrooms
 Toxins are psilocybin and its metabolite psilocin
 Effects like LSD
GI Irritants :
Orelline and Orellanine
containing mushrooms
Muscarine containing
REFERENCES :

• The forensic laboratory handbook, Ashraf Mozayani, 1st

edition, 2006
• Narcotics lab manual, DFSS, MHA
• Chemistry lab manual, DFSS, MHA
• Encyclopaedia of forensic sciences, Jay Seigal
• Clarke’s analysis of drugs and poisons
• Drugs, poisons and chemistry, Suzzane Bell
• www.google.in
 Thanks
Queries are welcome

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www.cuchd.in Campus: Gharuan, Mohali