Understanding the different

types MENTAL ILLNESS

 MOOD DISORDERS
Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression)
• leading cause of disability between the ages of 15 and 44
• 2nd leading cause of death between the ages of 15 and 24
• characterized by the persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterizes major depression can lead
to a range of behavioral and physical symptoms. These may include changes in sleep, appetite, energy level,
concentration, daily behavior, or self-esteem. Depression can also be associated with thoughts of suicide.
• Mood: anxiety, apathy, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, loss of interest or pleasure in
activities, mood swings, or sadness
Sleep: early awakening, excess sleepiness, insomnia, or restless sleep
Whole body: excessive hunger, fatigue, loss of appetite, or restlessness
Behavioral: agitation, excessive crying, irritability, or social isolation
Cognitive: lack of concentration, slowness in activity, or thoughts of suicide
Weight: weight gain or weight loss
Also common: poor appetite or repeatedly going over thoughts
 MOOD DISORDERS CONT.
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)
• Manic episodes may include symptoms such as high energy, reduced need for sleep, and loss of touch with
reality. Depressive episodes may include symptoms such as low energy, low motivation, and loss of interest in
daily activities. Mood episodes last days to months at a time and may also be associated with suicidal thoughts.
• Mood: mood swings, sadness, elevated mood, anger, anxiety, apathy, apprehension, euphoria, general discontent,
guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, or loss of interest or pleasure in activities
Behavioral: irritability, risk taking behaviors, disorganized behavior, aggression, agitation, crying, excess desire
for sex, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or self-harm
Cognitive: unwanted thoughts, delusion, lack of concentration, racing thoughts, slowness in activity, or false
belief of superiority
Psychological: depression, manic episode, agitated depression, or paranoia
Sleep: difficulty falling asleep or excess sleepiness
Whole body: fatigue or restlessness
Weight: weight gain or weight loss
Also common: rapid and frenzied speaking
 MOOD DISORDERS CONT.
Borderline Personality Disorder
• Behavioral: antisocial behavior, compulsive behavior, hostility, impulsivity, irritability, risk taking behaviors, self-destructive
behavior, self-harm, social isolation, or lack of restraint
Mood: anger, anxiety, general discontent, guilt, loneliness, mood swings, or sadness
Psychological: depression, distorted self-image, grandiosity, or narcissism
Also common: thoughts of suicide
• Fear of abandonment
Unstable relationships
Unclear or unstable self-image
Impulsive, self-destructive behaviors
Self-harm
Extreme emotional swings
Chronic feelings of emptiness
Explosive anger
Feeling suspicious or out of touch with reality
 PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia is characterized by thoughts or experiences that seem out of touch with reality, disorganized speech
or behavior, and decreased participation in daily activities. Difficulty with concentration and memory may also be
present.
• Behavioral: social isolation, disorganized behavior, aggression, agitation, compulsive behavior, excitability,
hostility, repetitive movements, self-harm, or lack of restraint
Cognitive: thought disorder, delusion, amnesia, belief that an ordinary event has special and personal meaning,
belief that thoughts aren't one's own, disorientation, memory loss, mental confusion, slowness in activity, or false
belief of superiority
Mood: anger, anxiety, apathy, feeling detached from self, general discontent, loss of interest or pleasure in
activities, elevated mood, or inappropriate emotional response
Psychological: hallucination, paranoia, hearing voices, depression, fear, persecutory delusion, or religious delusion
Speech: circumstantial speech, incoherent speech, rapid and frenzied speaking, or speech disorder
Also common: fatigue, impaired motor coordination, or lack of emotional response
 EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia Nervosa
• Whole body: dehydration, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, low blood pressure, low body
temperature, osteoporosis, water-electrolyte imbalance, or feeling cold
Behavioral: binge eating, compulsive behavior, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or social isolation
Mood: anxiety, apprehension, or guilt
Weight: underweight, weight loss, or extreme weight loss and thinness
Developmental: delayed puberty or slow growth
Menstrual: irregular menstruation or absence of menstruation
Gastrointestinal: constipation or vomiting
Also common: brittle nails, bruising, depression, dieting, dry hair, dry skin, headache,
sensitivity to cold, or slow heart rate
 EATING DISORDERS CONT.
Bulimia Nervosa
• Behavioral: binge eating, compulsive behavior, impulsivity, self-harm, vomiting after
overeating, or lack of restraint
Whole body: dehydration, fatigue, food aversion, hunger, or water-electrolyte
imbalance
Mood: anxiety, general discontent, guilt, or mood swings
Gastrointestinal: constipation, heartburn, or inflamed esophagus
Mouth: bad breath, dental cavities, or dryness
Menstrual: absence of menstruation or irregular menstruation
Weight: body weight changes or weight loss
Also common: abnormality of taste, depression, poor self-esteem, or sore throat