PERIODIC

G en e r a l
P h y s i cs 1
MOTION
AND SIMPLE
HARMONIC
Bernardino, Bernan, Baluca, Halog

MOTION
 PERIODIC
MOTION
A motion that repeats itself in a
definite cycle, it occurs
whenever a body has a stable
equilibrium position and a
restoring force act when it is
displayed from equilibrium
BALL A
No Force

BALL B
Pushes Against C
the Spring

A
BALL C
Spring Equilibrium
Releases B
 Periodic motion is directly
proportional to the
displacement (y), this motion is
called Simple Harmonic
Motion.
 AMPLITUD
E (A)
When the example moves in a Simple
C Harmonic Motion, the distance made
by the object from its equilibrium
A point is called the Amplitude.
Specifically, amplitude is simply the
B maximum extent of the oscillation or
the size of the oscillation.
 PERIOD
(T)
The time the object takes
to complete the cycle is
called the Period.
When an object moves in a full circle, completing a cycle, the
object goes 2π radians. It travels that many radians in T
seconds, so its angular speed, ω is:

𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝎= →𝑻=
𝑻 𝝎
(Relationship of period to angular speed)
unit in seconds (s)
FREQUE The frequency is the number
of cycles that are completed

NCY (F) per second. Cycles per

second can also be called

& hertz (Hz). It is defined as:

ANGULA ( )
𝟐𝝅

R
𝝎= 𝑻𝒇 =𝟐 𝝅 𝒇
𝑻
𝟏 (Angular Frequency)

FREQUE 𝒇=
𝑻 unit in radians per
seconds (rad/s)

NCY (Ω)
(Frequency)
unit in hertz (Hz)
 DISPLACE
MENT,
VELOCITY
& circle, we can
By observing the reference

alongACCELERA
relate time with the movement of the ball
the y-axis. Let amplitude(A) be the
TION
hypotenuses, distance y be the opposite
and the angle be θ which is equal to ωt.
From the said given we can get the relationship of the amplitude to
frequency(f):

Convert angular frequency (ω) to frequency (f):

(Note: since the motion of the ball is a vertical motion, going up or down, displacement y is
the one computed.)
By using the equation from previous slide, and differentiating it with
respect to time(t) we can get the relationship of velocity(v) to
frequency(f):

Convert angular frequency (ω) to frequency (f):

By using the equation above, and differentiating it with respect to
time(t) we can get the relationship of acceleration(a) to frequency(f):

Convert angular frequency (ω) to frequency (f):

Since Equate to Period (T)

Relationship of Period (T) to

acceleration (a) and displacement (y)

*Note: y is used since the example is in

a vertical motion
 A
Frequency (f)

EXAMPLE
f = 1/T = ¼s = 0.25 Hz
Angular Frequency (𝜔)
𝜔 = 2πf = 2π(0.25) = 0.5𝛑 rad/s

Acceleration (a)
When amplitude (A) is 16 cm and the ball a = -𝑥 = (16 cm)

B
a = -4 cm/
bounces back and forth in a span of 4 Velocity (v)
seconds. Find; v = 𝐴 ωcos(ωt) ; 𝜔𝑡 = (y/A) = (16/16) = 90 deg
v = (16)(0.5π)cos(90 deg)
(a) frequency and angular frequency, v = 0.0 cm/s

(b) acceleration and velocity at x = 16 cm,

and,
Acceleration (a)
(c) acceleration and velocity at x = 10 cm. a = - 𝑥 = (10 cm)

C
a = -2.5 cm/
Velocity (v)
v = 𝐴 ωcos(ωt) ; 𝜔𝑡 = (y/A) = (10/16) = 38.68 deg
v = (16 cm)(0.5π rad/s)cos(38.68 deg)
v = 19.62 cm/s
When amplitude (A) is 18 cm
and the ball bounces back and
forth with the frequency of 0.30 EXERCISE
Hz. Find the;
(a.) Angular Frequency and,
(b.) Acceleration and velocity at x Try solving this problem.
= 18 cm.
 SIMPLE
HARMONIC
MOTION
A motion in which the restoring force
is directly proportional to the
(SHM)
displacement of the body from its
mean position. The direction of this
restoring force is always towards the
mean position.
Imagine a block of wood attached vertically with a spring attached to a wall.
(a) When the spring is stretched to the right, the spring force pulls the mass to
the left. (b) When the spring is unstretched, the spring force is zero. (c) When
the spring is compressed to the left, the spring force is directed to the right.

To calculate the force exerted by the spring to the body at each of point, we
need to use the Hooke’s Law for ideal springs. The equation is:
Fx = -kx (restoring force exerted by an ideal spring)
Where k = force constant
x = displacement from equilibrium
 The force exerted by the spring to the
block acts as a restoring force that tries
to maintain the position of the block at
the equilibrium point. In Newton’s 2nd
Law of Motion clearly defines that
force is equal to mass multiplied by
acceleration (F = ma). We will relate
the force from Newton’s law to the
force obtained from Hooke’s law to
define Simple Harmonic Motion
(SHM).
𝑭 𝒙=𝑭

(substitute acceleration [a] with the

acceleration obtained from the previous
lesson, but instead of using the amplitude
y we use amplitude x since the motion is
on the horizontal axis.
 𝟐
−𝒌 𝒎(− 𝝎 )
= (cancel out the common terms from both
𝒎 𝒎
sides)
𝒌 𝟐
=𝝎
𝒎
(equate the equation by angular frequency
[𝜔])

𝝎=
√
𝒌
𝒎 Or when 𝜔 is converted to T
 𝟐𝝅
𝝎 =𝟐 𝝅 𝒇 =
𝑻

𝟐𝝅
𝑻= , 𝝎=𝟐 𝝅 𝒇
𝝎

𝑻 =𝟐 𝝅
√
𝒎
𝒌
(Period (T) of SHM)
From the previous derivations it can be seen that
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
is the combination periodic motion and a
restoring force whose magnitude depends
on the displacement from the equilibrium
position.
 GIVEN
m = 100 g
EXAMPLE
k = 2000 dynes/cm
A = 10 cm
x = 5.0 cm A 100-g body is attached is
attached at the end of a hanging
FORMULA: spring with a spring constant of
2,000 dynes/cm. It is displaced 10
𝑇 =2 𝜋 √ 𝑚/ 𝑘 cm from its equilibrium position
and then released, Calculate the
period T.
SOLUTION:
TRY ME A horizontal Spring (k = 400
N/m) with mass of 0.75 kg
attach to it is undergoing
simple harmonic motion.
Calculate the period.