Environmental Auditing and Impact

Assessment
Risk Assessment – Characterization
and Management

1
What is Environment Audit?

Defined as performance, compliance or

financial audit addressing the approach
taken by responsible bodies (e.g.
government) to a specific environmental
problem, environmental policies, or
programs, as well as their performance in
managing environmental issues.

2
 Environmental auditing
The main role in environmental audit is to respond to the expectations of the
citizens by providing independent, credible and objective verification of the
information provided by government agencies with respect to their activities and
their impact on the environment. It is a systematic process of obtaining and
evaluating information about environmental aspects.

Four step process

Understanding Selection of the

the problem of audit topic and
Understanding
environment, determining the Designing the
the response of
its impact on audit priorities, audit
the government
society, and establishing
to the problem
economy and the audit
environment objectives
3
Who is IOS and What Is ISO?

• The International Organization for Standardization (IOS) is a

worldwide federation of national standards bodies.

• Working through Technical Committees, it has developed and

published over 18,000 different ISO standards that are used
internationally for subjects ranging from film speeds to wine glasses
to quality management systems.

• The official purpose for the issuance of ISO Standards is to facilitate

world trade through standardization.
 ISO 27001-2005
ISO 20000-1:2011
Information
Service Management Security
Management
System

Management
Systems

ISO 9001: 2008

Quality ISO 31000 Risk
Management Management
System

ISO 22301
Business Continuity
Management
Understanding the Standards - Documents

Most standards have at least two supporting documents;

• Requirements – these are the “Shalls” and are required to be

implemented unless exclusions can be taken. The auditor can only
audit against the “Shalls”.

• Code of Practice – these are the “Shoulds” and are guidance to

assist you in implementation.

• Guidance – a fully implementable standard that does not have a

“certification scheme”. You can be compliant, but not certified.
Understanding the Standards - PDCA
 ISO 9001 Certification
ISO 9001:2015 is one of the international standard certification that necessities for a leading high quality
management system(QMS). has been enforced by over one million corporations in over 170 countries
certified to ISO 9001.
 Who need to use the ISO 9001:2015
SO 9001:2015 applies to any corporation, irrespective of length or enterprise. more than one million groups from extra
than a hundred and sixty countries have carried out the ISO 9001 popular requirements to their great management
structures.

organizations of all types and sizes find that the usage of the ISO 9001 standard enables them:

organize procedures
improve the efficiency of processes
always improve

All businesses that use ISO 9001 are encouraged to transition to ISO 9001:2015 as soon as possible. This includes no longer
most effective agencies that are certified to ISO 9001:2008, however additionally any companies involved in training or
certifying others.
ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (
EMS)
Expert ISO 14001 Environmental Management System & EMS certification.
Protect your environment with a cost efficient ISO14001:2015
ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) specialist deliver a
comprehensive range of environmental management solutions including the
development, implementation and certification of ISO 14001 based management
frameworks; auditing, training and EMS software solutions to organisations of different
sizes and structures.

ISO 14001 helps clients to develop practical, environmentally sympathetic EMS

frameworks that can be deployed rapidly to ensure existing environmental processes and
procedures are clearly identified, evaluated and then further developed to reduce waste,
improve regulatory compliance, minimise environmental impact and improve overall
environmental performance with cost efficient EMS frameworks, which are simple and
easy to use.
ISO 14000 Family

A series of guidance documents and standards to help

organizations address environmental issues. Ones below
deal with EMS.
 14001: Environmental Management Systems
 14004: EMS general guidelines
 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
 14011: Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS
 14012: Auditing - Qualification criteria
Benefits of ISO 14001 Environmental Management
ISO 22000 Certification
Food Safety Management
What is ISO 22000 Certification?

 ISO 22000 certification is a food safety management system

certification that provide confidence to your customers that you have
implemented an effective food plan and management system.

 ISO 22000 certification is not limited to food processing sector , the

standard can also be implemented in other sectors such as packaging
and ingredient suppliers, caterers, storage & distribution facilities,
chemical and machinery manufacturers etc.

 ISO 22000 is developed based on the theory that an effective food

safety process is designed, operated and continually improved within
the framework of a structured management system, and incorporated
into the overall management activities of the organization.
 What is ISO 27001?

ISO 27001 is the international standard that provides the specification for an Information Security Management System
(ISMS). This systematic approach consists of people, processes, and technology that helps you protect and manage all
your organization’s information through risk management. It is a set of normative requirements for establishing,
implementing, operating, monitoring, and reviewing to update and develop an Information Security Management System
(ISMS). ISO 27001 is also used for selecting security controls tailored to each organization’s needs based on industry best
practices.
30/12/2022 17
ISO 27000 Benefits
 ISO 45001
Occupational Health & Safety Management System
ISO 45001 is a globally diagnosed general for Occupational fitness and
protection management machine and requirements of the fitness and
labor safety gadget of an business enterprise. ISO 45001 Certification
establishes an agency’s commitment to offer a safe operating
surroundings for personnel & other concerns. The motive is
to lessen injuries, injuries and save you fatal ensuing in lack of life and
time of human beings or loss or damage to gadget and environment.

19
Comparison between ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and ISO 45001

30/12/2022 20
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ISO 30001: Risk Management System
• This ISO is for use by people who create and protect value in organizations by
managing risks, making decisions, setting and achieving objectives and
improving performance.
• Organizations of all types and sizes face external and internal factors and
influences that make it uncertain whether they will achieve their objectives.
• Managing risk is iterative and assists organizations in setting strategy,
achieving objectives and making informed decisions.
• Managing risk is part of governance and leadership, and is fundamental to how
the organization is managed at all levels. It contributes to the improvement of
management systems.
• Managing risk is part of all activities associated with an organization and
includes interaction with stakeholders.
• Managing risk considers the external and internal context of the organization,
including human behaviour and cultural factors.
• Managing risk is based on the principles, framework and process outlined in
this document, as illustrated in next Figure . These components might already
exist in full or in part within the organization, however, they might need to be
adapted or improved so that managing risk is efficient, effective and consistent.
30/12/2022 22
Principals of Risk Management
Risk management can be defined as: The eradication or minimisation of
the adverse affects of risks to which an organisation is exposed.

RISK MANAGEMENT

RISK REDUCTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
Activity Option Analysis Implementation
Characterisation


 Monitoring
Hazard Identification


Decision Making Audit or Review
Risk Estimation

RISK EVALUATION
RISK ANALYSIS
Stages in Risk Management

• Identifying the hazards.

• Evaluating the associated risks.
• Controlling the risks.
Risk Analysis Paradigm

Information Information

RISK RISK
RESEARCH ASSESSMENT MANAGEMENT
• Epidemiology
• Clinical studies Hazard Identification Social D Ban

• Animal studies Dose-Response Assessment E More research

Economic C Standards:
• In vitro & in silico Exposure Assessment I air, water, food
studies Legal S
Risk Characterization I
Priorities: research,
regulation
• Modeling O
N

Research Needs Assessment Needs

25
Environmental risk management
Environmental risk management is the
prevention of harm to the area surrounding
a workplace. This includes and extends
beyond the health and safety of workers
and neighbours by taking account of the
water, air, soil, acoustic environment and
flow-on impacts of waste.
Why manage environmental risks?
• Legal compliance
• Prevent damaging incidents
• Identify priorities and track progress
• Estimate costs of improvements
• Satisfaction, promotion
• Anticipate risks from the environment
ENVIRONMENTAL VERSUS ECOLOGICAL RISK
ASSESSMENT
Environmental Risk Assessment
 Stability
 Pollution/Seepage Approval
 Health and Safety
 Closure Factors

Environmental Risk Assessment

 Stability
? Pollution/Seepage
 Health and Safety
 Closure Factors
Ecological Risk Assessment
• Contaminants
• Flow Paths
• Environmental Fate
ERA
METHODOLOGY

1. Problem 2. Receptor 3. Exposure 4. Toxicity 5. Risk

Identification Identification Assessment Assessment Characterisation
RISK CHARACTERISATION

Likelihoo Consequence
Descriptor d Description Descriptor Criteria Description
Almost certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances Insignificant No measurable environmental impact
Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances Minor Minor environmental impact in short term
Possibly Will probably occur in some circumstances Moderate Moderate environmental impact in short term
Unlikely Could occur at some time Major Moderate environmental impact in long term
Rare May occur in only exceptional circumstances Severe Irreparable damage

Consequence
Likelihood
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Severe

Almost
HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH EXTREME EXTREME
Certain

Likely MEDIUM HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH EXTREME

Possibly LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH VERY HIGH

Unlikely LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH

Rare VERY LOW LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM

Risk controls
When selecting appropriate risk
controls the Hierarchy of
Controls should be utilised.

This is a system which aims to

eliminate or minimize exposure
to hazards.

Control effectiveness reduces as

you move down the pyramid.
Hierarchy of Controls - examples
 Elimination – stop doing the task / activity.

 Substitution – substitute a hazardous chemical for a less hazardous chemical

 Engineering – install a physical barrier, redesign a work space

 Administrative – implement policies, procedures, training etc.

 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - wear safety glasses, gloves, closed toed shoes, hats etc.
 Risk Assessment
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk
posed to human health and/or the environment by the
actual or potential presence and/or use of specific
pollutants
Consider the severity of Harm
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