Prevent Disease Promote Health

Prevent Disease
Promote Health
 We will take a look at:

• Obesity
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Disease Prevention
Disease Prevention
 Why do we want to prevent

disease?
 What are the most devastating
diseases?
Top Ten Causes of Death in
the United States
1. Heart Disease 6. Diabetes

2. Cancer 7. Influenza/
3. Stroke Pneumonia
4. Emphazema 8. Alzheimer's
5. Unintentional 9. Kidney
injury Disease
10. Infections
Diabetes Mellitus Facts
• 17 million people in the US

have Diabetes.
• 11.1 million have been
diagnosed
• 5.9 are undiagnosed.
What Causes Diabetes?
• The body does not produce or

properly use the hormone
insulin.
• Insulin is a hormone that is
needed to convert sugars,
starches and other food into
energy.
Type 1 Diabetes
• Accounts for 5-10% of all

Diabetes in the United States.
• Results from the bodies
failure to produce insulin.
• May be a genetic disposition
to immune destruction.
Type 2 Diabetes
• 90-95% of Americans with

Diabetes have Type 2.
• Results from decreased
insulin resistance
(produce insulin, but don’t
use it effectively).
• May be caused by
obesity, age, genetics.
Complications from
Diabetes
 Heart disease  Dental Disease
 Stroke  Pregnancy
 Hypertension Complications
 Blindness  Nervous System
Disease
 Kidney Disease
 Amputations
Preventing Diabetes
You can lower your risk of

getting Diabetes by doing
the following:
• Maintain your Ideal Body
Weight.
• Make healthy food
choices.
• Exercise on a regular
basis.
Prevention is the Key!
• Secretary of Health and

Human Services Tommy
Thompson is promoting
preventative measures such
as increased community
education on Diabetes.
The Cost of Diabetes
 The cost of healthcare in the US

was $1.4 trillion in 2001, three
quarters of that was used to treat
chronic (ongoing) diseases that
could be prevented, such as
Diabetes.
 The cost of Diabetes in the US is
nearly 98 billion per year in direct
and indirect expenditures.
The Cost of Diabetes
 This is why prevention can be

effective, it can lower
healthcare costs for all of us,
plus reduce risk of acquiring
this disease.
Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S.
Adults, BRFSS, 1990
4% 4-6% 6% n/a
Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83
4% 4-6% 6% n/a

Adults, BRFSS, 1991-92
4% 4-6% 6% n/a

4% 4-6% 6% n/a
Source: MokdadSource: Mokdad Care

et al., Diabetes et al.,2000;23:1278-83
Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83
4% 4-6% 6% n/a

4% 4-6% 6% n/a

Coronary Heart Disease
 Coronary Heart
Disease (CHD) results
from the narrowing of
the coronary arteries
that feed the heart.
Coronary Heart Disease
 CHD affects 7 million

Americans each year, each
year approximately 500,000
people die from heart attacks.
 Atherosclerosis is the gradual
build up of plaques in blood
vessels that feed the heart.
Cholesterol
 Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like

substance that occurs naturally
in the body.
 The body uses cholesterol for
hormone, Vitamin D and bile
acid production.
 High cholesterol levels can
increase your risk for
developing CHD.
Risk Factors for CHD
 Risk Factors that cannot be

controlled:
• Age
• Gender
• Genetics
Risk Factors for CHD
 Risk Factors that can be

controlled:
• Smoking
• High Cholesterol
• High Blood Pressure
• Physical Inactivity
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Stress
• Alcohol Consumption
Preventing CHD
 Factors that can help prevent

CHD are the following:
• Be at or near Ideal Body Weight
• Exercise regularly
• Lower intake of saturated fat
• Increase Omega-3-Fatty Acids
• Relaxation techniques
Prevalence of Obesity* among U.S.
Adults BRFSS, 1985
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Adults BRFSS, 1986
<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

Source: Mokdad A H, et al. Am Med Assoc 2000;284:13
Cancer
 The term “cancer” refers to a
group of diseases in which cells
grow and spread throughout the
body
 Different kinds of cancer – lung,
breast, colon – most common
 Tissue cancer – cartilage, muscle
 Immature blood cells form another
type of cancer
What Causes Cancer
 Viruses can trigger the
development of cancer
 Exposure to too much sunlight
 Too many calories & fat may
play a role
 Low fruit and vegetable intake
may play a role
What Causes Cancer?
 Cigarette smoking is responsible
for most lung cancer
 Excessive alcohol can increase
the risk of mouth, throat &
esophagus cancer
 People who smoke & drink have
40 times the risk of cancer than
those who don’t smoke & drink
Lung cancer cells

What Causes Cancer?
 Occupations such as working

around certain kinds of wood or
gas – exposed to cancer
causing substances
 Air and car pollution
Cancer Facts
 Almost 90% of adult smokers
are addicted at or before age 18.
 About one-third of 3,000 youth
who start to smoke will die from
smoking – mainly cancer.
 28.5% of high school students
have smoked within the last 30
days
Cancer Facts
 Because at least half
overweight children become
overweight adults, an
increase of weight during
childhood and teen years will
result in an increase risk of
developing cancer and other
heart diseases.
Fat cells
Can What You Eat REALLY
make a Difference?
Increase  Decrease
 Whole grain products
 Fast foods
 Fruits and
vegetables
 Sodas
 Lowfat or fat free  Candy and
dairy products Sweets
 Lean meats, fish,  Potato Chips
nuts, beans
 Unsaturated fats
 Saturated fats
such as olive oil such as butter
 Water  Salty foods
Conclusion
What can you do to prevent

diseases such as Diabetes
and Coronary Heart Disease?
 Change your lifestyle to meet
the recommended guidelines
for healthy eating & exercise.
 Do everything in moderation,
including moderation!

Prevent Disease Promote Health

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Prevent Disease

 We will take a look at:

 Why do we want to prevent

1. Heart Disease 6. Diabetes

• 17 million people in the US

• The body does not produce or

• Accounts for 5-10% of all

• 90-95% of Americans with

You can lower your risk of

• Secretary of Health and

 The cost of healthcare in the US

 This is why prevention can be

Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83

Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83

Source: MokdadSource: Mokdad Care

Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83

Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83

 CHD affects 7 million

 Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like

 Risk Factors that cannot be

 Risk Factors that can be

 Factors that can help prevent

<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

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<10% 10-15% > 15% NA

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Lung cancer cells

 Occupations such as working

What can you do to prevent

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