WELCOME DPT (FUTURE

DOCTORS) 
PRESENTATION OF:
 PHYSIOLOGY
PRESENTED BY :
 AYESH A AMJAD
 IC :-
TOP DIUM
CA R
MYO
MYOCARDIAL
STRUCTUR
E
Middle layer of
the wall of heart .
 formed by
cardiac muscle
fibers or cardiac
myocytes.
MYOCARDIUM
FUNCTION
Myocardium form the Bulk Of Heart

Responsible for Pumping Action Of Heart

Cardiac muscle fibers are Involuntary in nature

 MYOCARDIUM TYPES

Muscle fiber Muscle fibers Muscle fiber which

which form which form form
Contractile Pacemake Conductive
Unit r System
Muscle Fibers which form Contractile Unit Of Heart
Striated and resemble skeletal muscle fiber in
structure .
Bounded by Sarcolemma .
Centrally placed nucleus.
Myofibril embedded in sarcoplasm .
Sarcomere have contractile units like
actin,myosin,troponin and tropomyosin.
Sarcotubular System similar to Skeletal Muscles
Difference b/w Cardiac and Skeletal
muscles
Cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles
 Branched  Unbranched
 Involuntary  Voluntary
 Autonomic nerve supply  Somatic nerve supply
INTERCALATED DISK:
Tough double membranous structure.
Situated at junction b/w branches of neighboring
cardiac muscles.
Formed by fusion of cardiac muscle branches.
Form ADHERENS JUNCTIONS play imp role in
contraction of cardiac muscle as single unit.
SYNCYTIUM:
Syncytium means “Tissue with cytoplasmic
continuity b/w adjacent celll”.
Cardiac muscles like “Physiological Syncytium
means no continuity and seprated by cell membrane
Gap junction:-permeable to ions &facilitate
rapid conduction of active potential.
In this way it act like a single unit referred as
syncytium
SYNCYTIUM in HUMAN HEART
 Have two portions:-
Syncytium of atria

Syncytium of ventricle
Both are connected by thick non conducting fibrous
ring called “ÄNTRIOVENTRICULAR RING”.
Muscle Fiber which form PACEMAKER
Some of muscle fibers are modified into specialized
structures known as “PACEMAKER ”.
These muscles have less striations

WHAT IS PACEMAKER???
Structure in heart that generate impulses for
heart beat
Formed by “PACEMAKER CELL called P cells “.
SINOATRIAL (SA) node form pace maker
Muscle Fibers form CONDUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Formed by modified cardiac muscle fibers
Impulses from SA node transmitted to Atria
Transmitted to ventricles by various systems
Layers Of Heart

MYOCARDIUM

ENDOCARDIUM

PERICARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
Inner most layer
Thin,smooth and glistening membrane
Formed by endothelial cells
VALVES OF HEART
Four valves in human heart.
Permit blood flow in one direction

ATrIoVENTIC •b/w atria & ventricles

ULAR •called atrioventricular
VALVES valves

SEMILU •Arising from ventricles

NAR •Systematic aorta and
pulmonary artery
VALVES
 Righ
t

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
atrio
vent
ricul
ar
valv
e
calle
d
“TRI
CUS
Left
atrioventricul
ar valve
called
PID “MITRAL OR
BICUSPID

VAL
VALVE”.
Formed by two
cusps or flaps

VE”.
Form
ed by
thre
e
cus
ps
or
Brim of atrioventricular valve attached to ring-a
fibrous connection b/w atria & ventricle
It open only towards VENTRICLE
Cusps of
valves
Prevent backflow of blood
attach to
these
muscles
Prevent by means
backflow of
of blood chordae
from PAPPIL
ventricle tendineae
ARY Arise from inner
to atria surface of
during MUSCL ventricles

ventricula ES
r Play
contractio imp
n role in
closure
of cusps
 Sy
st
e

$EMILUNAR VALVE
m
at
ic
A
O
RT
A
kn
ow
n
as
A
O
RT
IC SEMILUN
V
Pu AR
AL
lm VALVE
VE
on
ar present at
y the
A opening of
RT
ER
Y
kn
ow
n
as
P
UL
M
O
Made up of three valves
Because of half moon shape called SEMILUNAR
VALVE
Open toward AORTA and PULMONARY ARTERY
Prevent the black flow of blood into ventricles
 N K
H A 
T U…
Y O